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UVB radiation enhances the toxic effects of three organophosphorus insecticides on tadpoles from tropical anurans

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Abstract

Amphibians are declining around the world as they are particularly sensitive to multiple environmental stressors, among them the increase of UVB radiation and the environmental contaminations of body waters caused by agrochemicals. Because of the limited research on the interaction between agrochemicals and UVB radiation on tropical amphibians, we performed this study to test the hypothesis that the exposure to UVB radiation will enhance the toxic effects of the organophosphorus (OPs) insecticides chlorpyrifos, diazinon and monocrotophos, which are widely used in Colombia, on tadpoles from three tropical anuran species. Under laboratory conditions, we exposed independently tadpoles of Boana xerophylla, Engystomops pustulosus and Rhinella horribilis to each of the three insecticides with the presence of UVB radiation and without UVB, during 96 h toxicity tests. We then examined their effects on tadpole mortality, capacity to swim and total length. We found that UVB enhanced the mortality of insecticides (these treatments had a lower LC50 than those without UVB radiation), increased the tadpole immobility (they were unable to swim), and decreased the total length. Therefore, we validated the prediction that UVB radiation enhances the toxicity of the OPs insecticides studied on our anuran species and consequently may be one of the causal factors of amphibian population declines in the tropical countries. However, we suggest to perform more realistic field studies in areas with agrochemical presence to a better understanding of the effect of these stressors on anurans as there are environmental factors that attenuate underwater UVB radiation and toxicity in aquatic organisms, although it is also known that under field conditions some OPs insecticides become more toxic in the presence of UVB.

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Data availability

The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación, Minciencias (Project Number 110574558312) and Oficina de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Científico of the Tolima University (Project Number 40230516). Experiments were authorized by the Bioethics Committee of Tolima University. Collection permit was approved by Corporación Autónoma Regional del Tolima, CORTOLIMA (Resolution Number 3758 from 16 November 2016). We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.

Funding

This research was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación, Minciencias, and Oficina de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Científico of the Tolima University. The institutions not intervened in the design of the study and collection, or analysis, and interpretation of data or in writing the manuscript.

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  1. Grupo de Herpetología, Eco-Fisiología & Etología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Tolima, Calle 42 Barrio Santa Helena, Ibagué, Colombia

    Liliana M. Henao & Manuel H. Bernal

  2. Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales (GIPRONUT), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Tolima, Calle 42 Barrio Santa Helena, Ibagué, Colombia

    Jonh J. Mendez

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  1. Liliana M. Henao
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by LH, JM and MB. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MB and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Liliana M. Henao.

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Henao, L.M., Mendez, J.J. & Bernal, M.H. UVB radiation enhances the toxic effects of three organophosphorus insecticides on tadpoles from tropical anurans. Hydrobiologia 849, 141–153 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04717-4

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