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Not all methods are created equal: assessment of sampling methods for crayfishes and fishes in southern Appalachian streams

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Abstract

We compared the effectiveness of three sampling methods (kick seining, electrofishing, and nest trapping) to collect crayfishes and fishes, simultaneously, in southern Appalachian Mountain streams (Alabama, USA). For crayfishes, kick seining collected the highest species richness and most individuals. However, by combining kick seining and electrofishing collections, we decreased the number of sites needed to accurately assess crayfish richness relative to using one method. For 9 of the 13 species collected, no differences in crayfish sizes or sex ratios were detected between electrofishing and kick seining. In the remaining four species, electrofishing collected larger crayfishes and more females than kick seining. For fishes, electrofishing was most effective at assessing fish species richness. Sampled fish richness was higher when electrofishing in streams with higher water temperatures and width-to-depth ratios, as well as lower conductivities and smaller substrates. Electrofishing was the most effective sampling method for collecting Centrarchids, whereas kick seining was most effective at collecting Cyprinids. Nest traps were the least effective sampling method. We conclude that using a combination of kick seining and electrofishing is best for assessing stream fish and crayfish assemblages, simultaneously, which can improve management, biomonitoring, and understanding of the complex relationships between these faunal groups.

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The data generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the following individuals for assistance with field collections: G. McWhirter, M. Bland, C. Smith, and Z. Choice (USFS); S. McGregor, R. Bearden, S. Stanley, and P. Nenstiel (Geological Survey of Alabama); S. McKinney (Bear Creek Development Authority); C. Johnson (Alabama Department of Environmental Management); D. Butler (Cahaba Riverkeeper); C. Mangum (Weyerhaeuser); J. Sackreiter, J. Payne, J. Banusiewicz, L. Eveland, E. Liles, and K. Forbes (University of Mississippi); C. Quinn and F. Murphy (USFS contractors); E. Choice, K. Abdo, and T. Reed (USFS volunteers); and B. Simms (American Fisheries Society Hutton Scholar). We are grateful to M. Copeland (USDA NRCS) for assistance contacting landowners and to the many landowners who granted us stream access from their properties. We also thank C. Sabatia for statistical advice. Work was supported by the USFS Southern Research Station, the University of Mississippi, and the Birmingham Audubon Society. Products mentioned do not constitute endorsement by the USFS or University of Mississippi. There is no conflict of interest declared in this article.

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  1. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS, 38655, USA

    Zanethia C. Barnett & Susan B. Adams

  2. Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, 214 Shoemaker Hall, University, MS, 38677, USA

    Zanethia C. Barnett, Clifford A. Ochs & Jason D. Hoeksema

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Supplementary material 2 (TIFF 30521 kb) Online Resource 2 Postorbital carapace length-frequency charts for kick seining and electrofishing collections of the most abundant crayfish species in the Bear Creek (a) and Cahaba River (b) drainages. Dashed lines represent age classes estimated using mixed distribution analyses, with peaks at age class median lengths.

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Barnett, Z.C., Ochs, C.A., Hoeksema, J.D. et al. Not all methods are created equal: assessment of sampling methods for crayfishes and fishes in southern Appalachian streams. Hydrobiologia 848, 1491–1515 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04531-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04531-y

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