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Seasonal and El Niño Southern Oscillation-driven variations in isotopic and elemental patterns among estuarine primary producers: implications for ecological studies

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Abstract

Estuaries are complex systems where environmental fluctuations occur over distinct timescales due to local meteorological and large-scale climatic factors. Consequently, studies with low temporal resolution and taxonomic coverage may fail to detect isotopic variations in basal sources, providing biased interpretations of isotope mixing models. We investigated the seasonal and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-driven interannual variations in δ13C, δ15N and C:N values among distinct basal sources and their implications for mixing models interpretation in a subtropical estuary. δ13C variations among sources differed in their magnitude and timescales, being large enough to confound source-specific values. Macroalgae and POM δ13C varied seasonally, whereas ENSO effects prevailed for C3 and C4 salt marsh plants, highlighting the contrasting influence of local versus remote environmental drivers on short- and long-lived primary producers, respectively. Peaks of δ15N were detected for all sources during short-term anthropogenic nutrient inputs. Isotope mixing model comparisons showed that overlooking isotopic variations in basal sources under distinct ENSO conditions can cause misinterpretation of local trophic interactions and nutrient cycling. The present study contributes to design appropriate sampling delineations in highly variable aquatic environments, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive, long-term monitoring of estuarine primary producers to encompass environmental drivers of stable isotopic variations.

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Data availability

The dataset analyzed during the current study is available at the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (https://www.gbif.org/dataset/35014baf-5683-4267-b19d-8953f1fd3383) through the Brazilian Biodiversity Information Facility Repository (SiBBr).

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Acknowledgments

This study is a contribution of the research group ‘‘Grupo de Análises de Isótopos Estáveis em Ambientes Aquáticos’’ (GAIA-FURG/CNPq) and was conducted within the program Brazilian Long-Term Ecological Research (BR-LTER) in the Patos Lagoon Estuary and Adjacent Marine Coast sponsored by the National Scientific and Technological Development Council (CNPq), the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), and the Newton Fund (British Council). This study was also financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. AMG thanks CNPq by productivity scholarship [Grant Number: 309208/2018-1]. ML was granted a CAPES postdoc scholarship [Grant Number: 88887.357827/2019-00]. We also thank the anonymous reviewers and editors for comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript.

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  1. Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 08, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96201-900, Brazil

    Marianna Lanari, Bianca Possamai, Margareth da Silva Copertino & Alexandre Miranda Garcia

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  1. Marianna Lanari
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  2. Bianca Possamai
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  3. Margareth da Silva Copertino
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  4. Alexandre Miranda Garcia
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AMG, MSC, ML, and BP conceived the study. AMG conceived the long-term isotopic monitoring research. BP conducted fieldwork and processed the material for stable isotope analysis. BP and ML performed statistical analyses. ML wrote the manuscript with valuable inputs and edits by the co-authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Marianna Lanari.

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Lanari, M., Possamai, B., da Silva Copertino, M. et al. Seasonal and El Niño Southern Oscillation-driven variations in isotopic and elemental patterns among estuarine primary producers: implications for ecological studies. Hydrobiologia 848, 593–611 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04462-0

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