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The effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on freshwater periphyton in a temperate stream

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Abstract

This study examines the effects of elevated CO2 on the benthic biology of a temperate freshwater stream. We tested the hypotheses that elevated CO2 would increase periphyton biomass, alter elemental composition, and change community composition by increasing the frequency of algal taxa most limited by CO2 availability. Carbon dioxide was bubbled into reservoirs of stream water, increasing the ambient pCO2 by approximately 1100 ppm. The CO2-enriched water then flowed into artificial stream channels. Ceramic tiles were placed into the channels to allow for periphyton colonization. Dissolved inorganic carbon increased and pH decreased with added CO2. Measurements of biological parameters including periphyton biomass, algal C:N:P ratios, and community composition suggest that the periphyton were unaffected by the changes in stream water chemistry. We infer that rising atmospheric CO2 will impact stream water chemistry but that periphyton may not be the first to respond to these changes. Impacts to alkaline freshwater streams from elevated CO2 initially may be due to changes to terrestrial inputs that affect microbial decomposition and grazer activity, rather than through increases in periphyton carbon fixation. However, environmental characteristics of freshwater systems vary considerably, and additional studies are needed for accurate predictive modeling and monitoring of the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 on freshwater streams.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the University of South Florida Integrative Biology Department, the Biosphere Atmosphere Research and Training Program (BART) funded by the National Science Foundation through the University of Michigan, and the University of Michigan Biological Station. We thank Robert H. Byrne for his generosity in sharing his expertise to assist with methods development and with CO2 chemistry calculations; Michael Grant, for his analytical chemistry expertise; Robert Vande Kopple for his biological knowledge of the Maple River; and Troy Keller, for guidance at the Stream Research Facility. We thank Rex L. Lowe and Patrick Kociolek for sharing algal identification materials specific to the region. We thank Irene Gregory-Eaves, McGill University, for use of the Fluoroprobe and HPLC; Thomas L. Crisman, University of South Florida, for use of the Leica microscope; and Peter R. Girguis, Harvard University, for loaning us GFC Mass Flow Controllers, which were valuable during methods development. We thank Michael S. Brown for assistance throughout this project, and Madison Brown and Morgan Gmytruk for assistance in the field. We also thank the anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions improved the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SCA 110, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA

    Terry-René W. Brown, Gordon A. Fox & Kathleen M. Scott

  2. University of Michigan Biological Station, 9133 Biological Road, Pellston, MI, 49769, USA

    Terry-René W. Brown & Robert W. Pillsbury

  3. School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK

    Etienne Low-Décarie

  4. Department of Biology and Microbiology, University of Wisconsin, 800 Algoma Boulevard, Oshkosh, WI, 54901, USA

    Robert W. Pillsbury

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  1. Terry-René W. Brown
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Brown, TR.W., Low-Décarie, E., Pillsbury, R.W. et al. The effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on freshwater periphyton in a temperate stream. Hydrobiologia 794, 333–346 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3108-4

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