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Dating of the Limnadiidae family suggests an American origin of Eulimnadia

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Abstract

The spinicaudatan clam shrimp is a group of branchiopod crustaceans that has existed as far back as the Devonian and well-preserved fossils are known. Evidence of monophyly exists for only one family (Limnadiidae), which has a worldwide distribution and morphological conservatism. The evolutionary relationships among genera and diversification mechanisms are not deeply resolved as well as origin of the genus Eulimnadia. To address these issues, we constructed phylogenies of limnadiid clam shrimp, with both Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods to infer limnadiid evolutionary relationships. We then performed dated phylogenies using a relaxed clock of the Spinicaudata using fossil calibrations. Divergence date estimates show a perfect match with the break up of the Pangaea that could explain current limnadiid distributions; however the genus Eulimnadia apparently diverged 30 Ma ago. Eulimnadia phylogeography suggests an American origin and ecological patterns were analyzed to propose hypotheses on its origin and spread. This genus also shows a strong dispersive capacity, which could be explained by its reproduction modalities (androdioecy). This study and this first phylogeny with fossil calibration date the current distribution of Spinicaudata and reveal congruence with continental drift, except for Eulimnadia.

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to Clara Lord for stimulating discussions and English corrections. We would like to thank Sébastien Lacau and Marc Pignal for soil collection in Brazil and Michaël Manuel for collecting the new Limnadiid from Bolivia. We also thank the UMS 2700 and the Service de Systématique Moléculaire (MNHN, Paris) for support in lab work.

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  1. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA, UMR 7208), Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle, UCN, UA, UPMC, CNRS, IRD, CP26 75231, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France

    Laure Bellec & Nicolas Rabet

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  1. Laure Bellec
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Bellec, L., Rabet, N. Dating of the Limnadiidae family suggests an American origin of Eulimnadia . Hydrobiologia 773, 149–161 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2694-x

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