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Towards a comprehension of Ceratium (Dinophyceae) invasion in Brazilian freshwaters: autecology of C. furcoides in subtropical reservoirs

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Abstract

Ceratium species are not a common component of freshwater phytoplankton in South America. However, these dinoflagellates have often been observed in many water bodies over the past two and a half decades. We investigated Ceratium furcoides’ abundance and morphological variation during its initial phase of colonization (2012–2013) in two subtropical reservoirs in southern Brazil in order to explore which environmental factors were related to the occurrence, persistence and bloom formation of this dinoflagellate in those environments. Biomass of C. furcoides showed a strong seasonal pattern, in which warm seasons led to an increase in population density, resulting in cell-size reduction, while in the cold seasons cells increased in volume. Maximum densities over 2,500 cells ml−1 were observed in spring–summer periods in both reservoirs. C. furcoides’ abundance in the studied reservoirs was associated, primarily, with a combination of optimal conditions of temperature, organic matter, and pH, and secondarily, with nutrient availability. The possible factors for the successful colonization performed by C. furcoides across distinct Brazilian waterbodies include good swimming performance, low herbivory pressure, and ability to form dense blooms, as strategies that allow maintenance of populations and effective dispersal.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to SAMAE of Caxias do Sul for providing maps, abiotic data, and phytoplankton subsamples, especially to topographer Reno E. B. de Oliveira, chemical engineer Fernanda B. Spiandorello, agronomist Márcio V. D. Adami, and technicians Graziela R. P. Monçani and Eliara A. S. Aver; to Dr. Thelma A. V. Ludwig and the laboratory of Phycology of Universidade Federal do Paraná for logistical support; and CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for the PhD scholarship granted to first author. The English language review was done by Cary Collett.

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  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43433, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil

    Kaoli Pereira Cavalcante & Luciana de Souza Cardoso

  2. Serviço Autônomo Municipal de Água e Esgoto, Rua Nestor Moreira, 719, Parque da Imprensa, Caxias do Sul, RS, CEP 95052-500, Brazil

    Rovana Sussella

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Sanitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Campus Universitário, Natal, RN, CEP 59078-970, Brazil

    Vanessa Becker

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  1. Kaoli Pereira Cavalcante
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Correspondence to Kaoli Pereira Cavalcante.

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Cavalcante, K.P., Cardoso, L.S., Sussella, R. et al. Towards a comprehension of Ceratium (Dinophyceae) invasion in Brazilian freshwaters: autecology of C. furcoides in subtropical reservoirs. Hydrobiologia 771, 265–280 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2638-x

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