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High salt intake as a multifaceted cardiovascular disease: new support from cellular and molecular evidence

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Abstract

Scientists worldwide have disseminated the idea that increased dietary salt increases blood pressure. Currently, salt intake in the general population is ten times higher than that consumed in the past and at least two times higher than the current recommendation. Indeed, a salt-rich diet increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. For a long time, however, the deleterious effects associated with high salt consumption were only related to the effect of salt on blood pressure. Currently, several other effects have been reported. In some cases, the deleterious effects of high salt consumption are independently associated with other common risk factors. In this article, we gather data on the effects of increased salt intake on the cardiovascular system, from infancy to adulthood, to describe the route by which increased salt intake leads to cardiovascular diseases. We have reviewed the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which a high intake of salt acts on the cardiovascular system to lead to the progressive failure of a healthy heart.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq [470748/2013-3; 400484/2013-7]. Marcelo Baldo is the recipient of a BJT fellowship from CNPq [306028/2013-1].

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  1. Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, Vitória, ES, 29042-755, Brazil

    Marcelo Perim Baldo, Sérgio Lamêgo Rodrigues & José Geraldo Mill

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Baldo, M.P., Rodrigues, S.L. & Mill, J.G. High salt intake as a multifaceted cardiovascular disease: new support from cellular and molecular evidence. Heart Fail Rev 20, 461–474 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-015-9478-7

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