Abstract
Low temperature stress in spring is an abiotic stress limiting the growth and productivity of winter wheat. A controlled pot experiment was done to explore the possibility of applying urea to alleviate the low temperature (3 °C/−4 °C, day/night) damage to wheat cultivar Yangmai 16 at jointing stage. Urea at different rates was applied on the 5th day after low temperature stress. Low temperature stress decreased grain yield and plant height. Compared with the unstressed control, the content of soluble sugar, proline, zeatin riboside (ZR), and abscisic acid (ABA) in the leaves was increased under longer low temperature stress. These above parameters in the stressed treatments without urea amendment were higher than those with urea amendment on the 10th day. The change in GA3 concentration was opposite to the concentrations of ABA and ZR. The decline in the concentrations of osmotic adjustment substances, balanced hormone concentrations, and increased grain number per ear and ear number were the main reasons for the increased grain yield after urea application. Remedial effects was enhanced with the higher urea remedial level under the same low temperature stress duration. Our study suggested that suitable urea remedial rates are recommended based on the freezing index in wheat to alleviate the impacts of low temperature on wheat production at jointing stage.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chen XY, Yao Y, Huo YF, Zhang HQ, Wang S (2020) Trends of four major meteorological disasters and the impacts on grain yield in Anhui province. Yangtze Basin Res Environ 29:2285–2295 (In Chinese)
Dobrev PI, Havlíček L, Vágner M, Malbeck J, Kamínek M (2005) Purification and determination of plant hormones auxin and abscisic acid using solid phase extraction and two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1075:159–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.02.091
Dörffling K, Dörffling H, Luck E (2009) Improved frost tolerance and winter hardiness in proline over accumulating winter wheat mutants obtained by in vitro-selection is associated with increased carbohydrate, soluble protein and abscisic acid (ABA) levels. Euphytica 165:545–556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-008-9777-3
FAO (2020) Responding to the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on food value chains through efficient logistics. FAO, Rome. https://www.fao.org/policy-support/tools-and-publications/resources-details/en/c/1317663
Feng TY, Zhang Y, He M, Zhang MC, Li ZH, Zhou YY, Duan LS (2022) Coronatine alleviates cold stress by improving growth and modulating antioxidative defense system in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Plant Growth Regul 96:283–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-021-00775-9
Flores PC, Yoon JS, Kim DY, Seo YW (2021) Effect of chilling acclimation on germination and seedlings response to cold in different seed coat colored wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC Plant Biol 21:252–265. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03036-z
Frederiks TM, Christopher JT, Sutherl MW, Borrell AK (2015) Post-head-emergence frost in wheat and barley: defining the problem, assessing the damage, and identifying resistance. J Exp Bot 66:3487–3498. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv088
Gao Y, Tang JW, Yin GH, Han YL, Huang F, Wang LN, Yu HF, Li NN, Zhang Q, Yang GY (2015) Effect of different periods and frequency of late spring coldness on winter wheat yield related traits. J Triticeae crops 35:687–692 (In Chinese). https://doi.org/10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2015.05.017
Hassan MA, Chen X, Farooq M, Muhammad N, Zhang Y, Xu H, Ke YY, Bruno AK, Zhang LL, Li JC (2021) Cold stress in wheat: Plant acclimation responses and management strategies. Front Plant Sci 12:676884. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.676884
Hou MY (2003) The QTL mapping of low temperature germinability and anoxia germination in rice (Oryza aativa L.). Ph D thesis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing pp. 33–40
Hussain HA, Hussain S, Khaliq A, Ashraf U, Anjum SA, Men SN, Wang LC (2018) Chilling and drought stresses in crop plants: implications, cross talk, and potential management opportunities. Front Plant Sci 9:393. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00393
Ji HT, Xiao LJ, Xia YM, Song H, Liu B, Tang L, Cao WX, Zhu Y, Liu LL (2017) Effects of jointing and booting low temperature stresses on grain yield and yield components in wheat. Agr For Meteorol 243:33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.04.016
Kalapos B, Dobrev P, Nagy T, Vítámvás P, Györgyey J, Kocsy G, Marincs F, Galiba G (2016) Transcript and hormone analyses reveal the involvement of ABA-signalling, hormone crosstalk and genotype-specific biological processes in cold-shock response in wheat. Plant Sci 253:86–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.09.017
Kaplan F, Sung DY, Guy CL (2006) Roles of β-amylase and starch breakdown during temperatures stress. Physiol Plant 126:120–128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00604.x
Kato MC, Hikosaka K, Hirotsu N, Makin A, Hirose T (2003) The excess light energy that is neither utilized in photosynthesis nor dissipated by photoprotective mechanisms determines the rate of phtotoinactivation in phtotosystem II. Plant Cell Physiol 44:318–325. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcg045
Li XN, Jiang HD, Liu FL, Cai J, Dai TB, Cao WX, Jiang D (2013) Induction of chilling tolerance in wheat during germination by pre-soaking seed with nitric oxide and gibberellin. Plant Growth Regul 71:31–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-013-9805-8
Li CY, Xu W, Liu LW, Lei XW, Yang J, Zhou DD, Zhu XK, Guo WS (2016) Effect of short time low temperature from anther connective stage to anthesis on wheat yield and physiological characteristics. J Triticeae Crops 36:77–85 (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2016.01.11
Li CY, Yang J, Zhang YX, Yao MH, Zhu XK, Guo WS (2017a) Retrieval effects of remedial fertilizer after freeze injury on wheat yield and its mechanism at tillering stage. Sci Agric Sin 50:1781–1791 (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.10.004
Li PF, Ma BL, Xiong YC, Zhang WY (2017b) Morphological and physiological responses of different wheat genotypes to chilling stress: A cue to explain yield loss. J Sci Food Agr 97:4036–4045. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8271
Limin AE, Fowler DB (2000) Morphological and cytological characters associated with low-temperature tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.). Can J Plant Sci 80:687–692. https://doi.org/10.4141/P99-178
Liu LL, Xia YM, Liu B, Chang CY, Xiao LJ, Shen J, Tang L, Cao WX (2019) Individual and combined effects of jointing and booting low-temperature stress on wheat yield. Eur J Agron 125989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2019.125989
Luo XL, Zang Y, Sun ZF, Du KM, Song GS (2011) Spatial and temporal distribution of winter wheat frost injury in Huanghuai plain. China Agric Sci Bull 22:45–50 (in Chinese)
Majláth I, Szalai G, Soós V, Sebestyén E, Balázs E, Vanková R, Dobrev PI, Tari I, Tandori J, Janda T (2012) Effect of light on the gene expression and hormonal status of winter and spring wheat plants during cold hardening. Physiol Plant 145:296–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01579.x
Miao Q, Zhao H, Ma ZQ, Qiu J, Zhu HZ, Wang XC, Fu DP (2007) Technical procedures for wheat variety regional trials. The Agricultural Trade Standard of the P. R.C. NY/T 1301
Pěnčík A, Rolčík J, Novák O, Magnus V, Barták P, Buchtík R, Salopek-sondi B, Strnad M (2009) Isolation of novel indole-3-acetic acid conjugates by immunoaffinity extraction. Talanta 80:651–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2009.07.043
Sun XC, Hu CX, Tan QL, Liu JS, Liu HG (2009) Effects of molybdenum on expression of cold-responsive genes in abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways in winter wheat under low-temperature stress. Ann Bot-London 104:345–356. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcp133
Tack J, Barkley A, Nalley LL (2015) Effect of warming temperatures on US wheat yields. P Natl Acad Sci USA 22:6931–6936. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1415181112
Thakur P, Kumar S, Malik JA, Berger JD, Nayyar H (2010) Cold stress effects on reproductive development in grain crops: an overview. Environ Exp Bot 67:429–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.09.004
Valluru R, Link J, Claupein W (2012) Consequences of early chilling stress in two Triticum species: plastic responses and adaptive significance. Plant Biol 14:641–651. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00540.x
Wang YL, Cui YT, Hu GH, Wang XD, Chen HZ, Shi QH, Xiang J, Zhang YK, Zhu DF, Zhang YP (2018) Reduced bioactive gibberellin content in rice seeds under low temperature leads to decreased sugar consumption and low seed germination rates. Plant Physiol Bioch 133:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.020
Wang WL, Wang X, Huang M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Dai TB, Jiang D (2021) Alleviation of field low-temperature stress in winter wheat by exogenous application of salicylic acid. J Plant Growth Regul 40:811–823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10144-x
Waraich EA, Ahmad R, Halim A, Aziz T (2012) Alleviation of temperature stress by nutrient management in crop plants: a review. J Soil Sci Plant Nut 12:221–244. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162012000200003
Whaley JM, Kirby EJM, Spink JH, Foulkes MJ, Sparkes DL (2004) Frost damage to winter wheat in the UK: the effect of plant population density. Eur J Agron 21:105–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(03)00090-X
Yang QZ, Zhang ZK, Rao JP, Wang YP, Sun ZY, Ma QS, Dong XQ (2013) Low-temperature conditioning induces chilling tolerance in ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and regulating endogenous hormones levels. J Sci Food Agr 93:3691–3699. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6195
Zhang ZL, Qu WQ (2003) Experimental guidance of plant physiology. High Education, Beijing, China, pp.127–128 and pp.258–259. (in Chinese)
Zhang WJ, Wang JQ, Huang ZL, Mi L, Xu KF, Wu JJ, Fan YH, Ma SY, Jiang DG (2019) Effects of low temperature at booting stage on sucrose metabolism and endogenous hormone contents in winter wheat spikelet. Front Plant Sci 10:498. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00498
Zhu HH, Wu YF, Song JQ, Du KM (2018) Analysis to late frost damage for winter wheat based on meteorological factors: taking Henan province as an example. Chin J Agrometeorol 39:59–68 (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.01.007
Acknowledgements
We appreciate the funding from China National Key R & D Program (2016YFD0300107, 2017YFD0301205), Jiangsu Provincial Key R & D Program (BE2020319), Independent Innovative Agricultural Project of Jiangsu Province (CX(18)1002), Jiangsu Special Program for Morden Agriculture (2021), and Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceptualization, C.L. and X.Z.; formal analysis, J.Y. and M.Z.; investigation, J.Y.; methodology, J.Y. and J.D.; project administration, W.G.; resources, J.D. and X.Z.; writing-original draft, C.L.; writing-review and editing, G.Z.; supervision, W.G.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Communicated by Fei Dai.
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Li, C., Yang, J., Zhu, M. et al. Urea amendment alleviated morphological and physiological damages and yield loss of winter wheat subjected to low temperature stress at jointing stage. Plant Growth Regul 98, 589–598 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00881-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00881-2