Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Breaking seed dormancy of Alliaria petiolata with phytohormones

  • Original paper
  • Published:
Plant Growth Regulation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The leaves of Alliaria petiolata have a potential to be used as green salad due to garlic like fragrance and high value of vitamin C and A. Unfortunately, it exhibited deprived germination because of poor physiological impediment and seed dormancy. In order to improve germination, scarified and non-scarified seeds were primed with 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mM of gibberellic acid (GA3), ascorbic acid (AsA) and salicylic acid (SA), respectively. Seeds were also hydroprimed and compared with un-soaked seeds (control). Incubation with phytohormones substantially accelerated germination and seedling emergence compare with hydropriming and control. Two millimolar GA3 improved germination to 82 %, and reduced the germination time where 50 % of the total germinated seeds during the experiment, have germinated (t 50). Priming with 4 mM AsA increased germination to 54 % and reduced t 50 compared to control. SA inhibited germination of A. petiolata seeds. Sowing at ½ cm burial depth reduced emergence 89 % irrespective of priming. Seeds sown on a humid soil surface obtain the best seedling establishment. Priming non-scarified seeds with 2 mM GA3 resulted in faster germination within 10 days. Our scarification method was not successful and seemed to damage the seeds and reduced the germination.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Andreasen C, Kemezys AH, Muller R (2014) The effect of fertilizer level and foliar-applied calcium on seed production and germination of Gerbera hybrida. HortScience 49(5):538–543

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AOSA (1990) Rules for testing seeds. J Seed Technol 12(1):112

    Google Scholar 

  • Baskin JM, Baskin CC (1992) Seed germination and biology of the weedy biennial Alliaria petiolata. Nat Areas J 12:191–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Benvenuti S, Macchia M, Miele S (2001) Quantitative analysis of emergence of seedlings from buried weed seeds with increasing soil depth. Weed Sci 49(4):528–535

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cavers PB, Heagy MI, Kokron RF (1979) The biology of canadian weeds: 35. Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara and Grande. Can J Plant Sci 59(1):217–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devi R (1998) Effects of IAA, GA~3 and kinetin on nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in the leaves of a tree legume (Parkia javanica Merr.). Indian J Plant Physiol 3:97–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahad S, Hussain S, Matloob A, Khan F, Khaliq A, Saud S, Hassan S, Shan D, Khan F, Ullah N, Faiq M, Khan M, Tareen A, Khan A, Ullah A, Ullah N, Huang J (2015) Phytohormones and plant responses to salinity stress: a review. Plant Growth Regul 75(2):391–404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farooq M, Basra AMA, Rehman H, Hussain M (2008) Seed priming with polyamines improves the germination and early seedling growth in fine rice. J New Seeds 9:145–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farooq M, Irfan M, Aziz T, Ahmad I, Cheema SA (2013) Seed priming with ascorbic acid improves drought resistance of wheat. J Agron Crop Sci 199(1):12–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grieve M (1959) A modern herbal, vol 2. Hafner Publishing Co., New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamayun M, Khan SA, Khan AL, Shin J-H, Ahmad B, Shin D-H, Lee I-J (2010) Exogenous gibberellic acid reprograms soybean to higher growth and salt stress tolerance. J Agric Food Chem 58(12):7226–7232

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ISTA (2011) International rules for seed testing, germination tests. International seed testing association, Basserdorf

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim W, Lee Y, Park J, Lee N, Choi G (2013) HONSU, a protein phosphatase 2C, regulates seed dormancy by inhibiting ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 54(4):555–572

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kusano T, Berberich T, Tateda C, Takahashi Y (2008) Polyamines: essential factors for growth and survival. Planta 228(3):367–381

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lhotská M (1975) Notes on the ecology of germination of Alliaria petiolata. Folia Geobot Phytotax 10(2):179–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Ye N, Liu R, Chen M, Zhang J (2010) H2O2 mediates the regulation of ABA catabolism and GA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seed dormancy and germination. J Exp Bot 61:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore TC (1989) Biochemistry and physiology of plant hormones. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolás C, Nicolás G, Rodriguez D (1996) Antagonistic effects of abscisic acid and gibberellic acid on the breaking of dormancy of Fagus sylvatica seeds. Physiol Plant 96(2):244–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nouman W, Basra S, Yasmeen A, Gull T, Hussain S, Zubair M, Gul R (2014) Seed priming improves the emergence potential, growth and antioxidant system of Moringa oleifera under saline conditions. Plant Growth Regul 73(3):267–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nuzzo V (1999) Invasion pattern of herb garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) in high quality forests. Biol Invasions 1(2–3):169–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prati D, Bossdorf O (2004) Allelopathic inhibition of germination by Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae). Am J Bot 91(2):285–288

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raghu S, Post SL (2008) Cold stratification requirements for germination of Alliaria petiolata. Invas Plant Sci Man 1(3):315–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritz C, Streibig JC (2005) Bioassay analysis using R. J Stat Softw 12(5):1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritz C, Pipper CB, Streibig JC (2013) Analysis of germination data from agricultural experiments. Eur J Agron 45:1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rivas-San Vicente M, Plasencia J (2011) Salicylic acid beyond defence: its role in plant growth and development. J Exp Bot 62(10):3321–3338

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah SH (2007) Physiological effects of pre-sowing seed treatment with gibberellic acid on Nigella sativa L. Acta Bot Croat 66(1):67–73

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sosnoskie LM, Cardina J (2009) Laboratory methods for breaking dormancy in garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) seeds. Invasive Plant Sci Manag 2(2):185–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi T, Kakehi J-I (2010) Polyamines: ubiquitous polycations with unique roles in growth and stress responses. Ann Bot 105(1):1–6

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xie Z, Zhang Z-L, Hanzlik S, Cook E, Shen QJ (2007) Salicylic acid inhibits gibberellin-induced alpha-amylase expression and seed germination via a pathway involving an abscisic-acid-inducible WRKY gene. Plant Mol Biol 64(3):293–303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zennie TM, Ogzewalla CD (1977) Ascorbic-acid and vitamin-A content of edible wild plants of Ohio and Kentucky. Econ Bot 31(1):76–79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank University of Sargodha, Pakistan for awarded Faculty Development Program (FDP) scholarship for Ph.D. study to Muhammad Yasin and University of Copenhagen, Denmark for providing research support and facilities for the experiments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Hojbakkegard Alle 13, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark

    Muhammad Yasin & Christian Andreasen

  2. Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan

    Muhammad Yasin

Authors
  1. Muhammad Yasin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Christian Andreasen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christian Andreasen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yasin, M., Andreasen, C. Breaking seed dormancy of Alliaria petiolata with phytohormones. Plant Growth Regul 77, 307–315 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-015-0065-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-015-0065-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation