Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Taxonomic significance of palyno-morphic markers for the delimitation of some Brassicaceous taxa in Balochistan Province (Pakistan)

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The pollen morphology of Brassicaceous taxa was analyzed to investigate their reliability as operational taxonomic units (OTUs) down to species level. The derived formula for all observed pollen was N3P4C3 based on NPC classification. Documentation of quantitative parameters via statistical analysis included dendrogram, correlation, and loading plots. The studied taxa belong to 15 tribes, Brassiaceae, Alysseae, and Euclidieae being the dominant, including the endemic species Pseudodraba hystrix. The assessment of qualitative and quantitative features of pollen grains using LM and SEM aided in the discrimination of closely related species. The size of polar axis ranged from a minimum of 15.85 µm in Eruca vesicaria to a maximum of 33.05 µm in Dilophia salsa. Values of equatorial axis range from a minimum of 14.75 µm in Diplotaxis griffithii. to a maximum of 33.2 µm in Dilophia salsa. Exine sculpturing types were reticulate, coarsely reticulate, and scabrate. Lumen was prominent in polygonal and amorphous shapes with irregular and regular types. Lobate round, and triangular ambs were observed in the polar view of pollen. The Polar axis, equatorial axis, and length of colpi in equatorial view exhibited a highly positive correlation. This study describes the micromorphological characteristics of pollen which can aid in accurate identification and delineate boundaries among Brassicaceous members at different taxonomic ranks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data is present in the paper.

References

  • Abdel Khalik K, Van Den Berg R, Van Der Maesen L, El Hadidi M (2002) Pollen morphology of some tribes of Brassicaceae from Egypt and its systematic implications. Feddes Repert 113:211–223. https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-239X(200208)113:3/4%3c211::AID-FEDR211%3e3.0.CO;2-A

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed A, Mohammad N, Wadood A (2020) Balochistan: overview of its geo-economic and socio-economic perspectives. Rev Appl Manag Soc Sci 3:235–246. https://doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v3i2.58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali M, Liu YJ, Xia QP, Bahadur S, Hussain A, Shao JW, Shuaib M (2021) Pollen micromorphology of eastern Chinese Polygonatum and its role in taxonomy by using scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 84:1451–1461. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23701

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Shehbaz IA (2012) A generic and tribal synopsis of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Taxon 61:931–954. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.615002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ameen M, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Munir M, Abbas MM, Sultana S, Elkhatib SE, Soudagar MEM, Kalam M (2022) Prospects of catalysis for process sustainability of eco-green biodiesel synthesis via transesterification: a state-of-the-art review. Sustainability 14:7032. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127032

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ameen M, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Ramadan MF, Eid HF, Makhkamov T, Yuldashev A, Mamarakhimov O, Nizomova M, Isaifan RJ (2023a) Assessing the bioenergy potential of novel non-edible biomass resources via ultrastructural analysis of seed sculpturing using microscopic imaging visualization. Agronomy 13:735. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030735

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ameen M, Zafar M, Ramadan MF, Ahmad M, Makhkamov T, Bokhari A, Mubashir M, Chuah LF, Show PL (2023b) Conversion of novel non-edible Bischofia javanica seed oil into methyl ester via recyclable zirconia-based phyto-nanocatalyst: a circular bioeconomy approach for eco-sustenance. Environ Tech Innov 30:103101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amina H, Ahmad M, Bhatti GR, Zafar M, Sultana S, Butt MA, Bahadur S, Haq IU, Ghufran MA, Ahmad S (2020) Microscopic investigation of pollen morphology of Brassicaceae from Central Punjab-Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech 83:446–454. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23432

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anchev M, Deneva B (1997) Pollen morphology of seventeen species from family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Phytol Balc 3:75–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Anjum F, Mir A, Shakir Y, Zafar M, Sultana S, Ameen M, Ahmad M (2022) Seed coat morphology and sculpturing of selected invasive alien plants from lesser Himalaya Pakistan and their systematic implications. BioMed Res Int. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8225494

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Atasagun B (2022) Comparative anatomy and pollen morphology of two endemic Noccaea species (Brassicaceae) and their taxonomic significance. Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj-Nap 50:12849–12849

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aziz A, Ahmad M, Ullah R, Bari A, Khan MY, Zafar M, Sultana S, Rozina AM, Anar M (2022) Microscopic techniques for characterization and authentication of oil-yielding seeds. Micro Res Tech 85:900–916. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23959

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bibi T, Ahmad M, Tareen RB, Tareen NM, Jabeen R, Rehman S-U, Sultana S, Zafar M, Yaseen G (2014) Ethnobotany of medicinal plants in district Mastung of Balochistan province-Pakistan. J Ethnopharm. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.042

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Storme N, Zamariola L, Mau M, Sharbel TF, Geelen D (2013) Volume-based pollen size analysis: an advanced method to assess somatic and gametophytic ploidy in flowering plants. Plant Rep 26:65–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Demirpolat A (2022) Anatomical, Palynological and Seed Surface Characteristics of Aethionema sancakense Yıld. & Kılıc (Brassicaceae). Avrup Bil Tek Derg 37:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Doğan C, İnceoğlu Ö (1990) Türkiye’nin bazı Isatis L. taksonlarının polen morfolojisi. Turk J Bot 14:12-31.

  • Erdtman G (1952) Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy Angiosperms. Altham Mass, Stockhol

  • Erdtman G (1969) Handbook of Palynology an Introduction to the Study of Pollen Grains and Spores. Munisgard Kopenhagen p. 73.

  • Gabr DGI (2018) Taxonomic importance of pollen morphology for some species of Brassicaceae. Pak J Biol Sci 21:215–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillani SW, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Haq SM, Waheed M, Manzoor M, Makhkamov T (2024) An insight into indigenous ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal and aromatic plants from Kashmir Himalayan Region. Ethnobot Res Appl 28:1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedge IC (1976) A systematic and geographical survey of the Old World Cruciferae. In: Vaughan JG, MacLeod AJ, Jones BMG, eds. The biology and chemistry of the Cruciferae. London: Academic Press, 1–46Hussain A, Potter D, Hayat MQ, Sahreen S, Bokhari SAI (2019) Pollen morphology and its systematic implication on some species of Artemisia L. from Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan. Bangladesh J Plant Taxon 26:157–168.

  • Hussain A, Potter D, Hayat MQ, Sahreen S, Bokhari SAI (2019) Pollen morphology and its systematic implication on some species of Artemisia L. from Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan. Bangladesh J Plant Taxon 26:157–168.

  • Jabeen S, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Althobaiti AT, Ozdemir F, Kutlu M, Makhkamov TK, Sultana S, Ameen M, Majeed S (2023) Ultra-sculpturing of seed morphotypes in selected species of genus Salvia L. and their taxonomic significance. Plant Biol 25:96–106. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13473

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kailas JG, Naik MC, Bheemalingappa M, Ramakrishna H, Rao BRP (2017) Arboreal diversity of the Andaman Islands, India, based on pollen. Palynology 41:370–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2016.1209592

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kailas JG, Ramakrishna H, Prabhaker R (2016) Inaperturate pollen diversity in the arborescent taxa of Karimnagar district, Telangana State, India. Ind J Agric Res 50:374–377

    Google Scholar 

  • Keshavarzi M, Abassian S, Sheidai M (2012) Pollen morphology of the genus Clypeola (Brassicaceae) in Iran. Phytol Balc 18:17–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan R (2004) Studies on the pollen morphology of the genus Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae) from Pakistan. Pak J Bot 36:229–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan SU, Zafar M, Ullah R, Shahat AA, Ahmad M, Sultana S, Malik K (2021) Pollen diversity and its implications to the systematics of mimosaceous species by LM and SEM. Microsc Res Tech 84:42–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23563

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kızılpınar İ, Altınözlü H, Doğan C (2012) Pollen morphology of some species of the genus Malcolmia (Brassicaceae). Mellifera 12:24–29.

  • Kownacki A, Szarek-Gwiazda E, Woźnicka O (2015) The importance of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in taxonomy and morphology of Chironomidae (Diptera). Eur J Environ Sci 5:41-44. https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2015.75

  • Manzoor M, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Gillani SW, Shaheen H, Pieroni A, Khaydarov K (2023) The local medicinal plant knowledge in Kashmir Western Himalaya: a way to foster ecological transition via community-centred health seeking strategies. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 19:56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-023-00631-2

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Perveen A, Qaiser M, Khan R (2004) Pollen Flora of Pakistan–XLII. Brassicaceae Pak J Bot 36:683–700

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinar M, Duran A, Ceter T, Tuğ GN (2009) Pollen and seed morphology of the genus Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) in Turkey. Turk J Bot 33:83–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Qureshi S, Khan M, Arshad M, Rashid A, Ahmad M (2009) Pollen fertility (viability) status in Asteraceae species of Pakistan. Trak J Sci 7:12–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranjbar M, Karami S (2023) Pollen morphology of some selected species of the tribes Brassiceae, Conringieae, Isatideae, and Plagiolobeae (Brassicaceae) in Iran, and its taxonomic significance. Palynology 47:2138606. https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2022.2138606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rozina AM, Khan AM, Abbas Q, Arfan M, Mahmood T, Zafar M, Raza J, Sultana S, Akhtar MT (2022) Implication of scanning electron microscopy as a tool for identification of novel, nonedible oil seeds for biodiesel production. Microsc Res Tech 85:1671–1684. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24027

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saha S, Begum KN (2020) A comparative analysis on pollen morphology of the genus Brassica L. (Brassicaceae) in Bangladesh. Int J Bot Stud 5:191–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Saifullah S, Aisha K, Rasool F (1997) Balochistan, Pakistan. Pak J Bot 29:191–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Taia WK (2005) Modern trends in plant taxonomy. Asian J Plant Sci 4:20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ullah F, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Jabeen A, Sultana S, Ghani A, Luqman M, Nazish M, Alam F (2019) Macromorphological and micromorphological seed features of selected taxa of caesalpiniaceae using light and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 82:1073–1082. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23255

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Central Resource Laboratory (CRL) of the University of Peshawar's Department of Physics for the approach to their scanning electron microscopy facility.

Funding

No funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Wajia Noor, Muhammad Zafar, Mushtaq Ahmad, Bibi Sadia, Syed Waseem Gillani, Muhammad Manzoor & Maria Ameen

Authors
  1. Wajia Noor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Muhammad Zafar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mushtaq Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bibi Sadia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Syed Waseem Gillani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Muhammad Manzoor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Maria Ameen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

WN and BS Conceptualized study. WN, SWG, MM, MZ, and MA fields and data collection. WN, MA, and SWG writing the original draft. MA and MZ review and editing. MZ Supervised the study.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Muhammad Zafar or Syed Waseem Gillani.

Ethics declarations

Confict of interest

The author asserts no confict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Noor, W., Zafar, M., Ahmad, M. et al. Taxonomic significance of palyno-morphic markers for the delimitation of some Brassicaceous taxa in Balochistan Province (Pakistan). Genet Resour Crop Evol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-01997-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-01997-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation