Abstract
Agro-morphological characterization of rice is vital for rice breeding programs, which help to document phenotypical differences. The research was conducted in Sundarbazar, Lamjung, during the spring season from February to August 2023, where the design was completely randomized with two replications. Twenty-five quantitative and thirty-nine qualitative traits were recorded according to the characterization descriptors of the International Rice Research Institute, Sixteen quantitative traits were observed for 16 landraces, and 11 showed high coefficient of variance (CV) values. In comparison, for the remaining nine traits, two traits showed a high CV value for all 20 landraces. Three principal components with an eigenvalue greater than one accounted for 88.2% variation. Furthermore, principal component analysis bolsters our results by clustering rice landraces into four clusters. The intra-cluster distance was most significant in cluster I (4.25) and the lowest in cluster IV (2.16), thereby indicating that genotype diversity was the greatest in cluster I and least diverse in cluster IV. Three of the four clusters did not follow geographic distribution, possibly indicating free exchange of landraces among the farmers and adaption of the landraces in both districts. Monomorphism was observed for leaf blade: lemma: anthocyanin in keel and lemma: anthocyanin of the area below apiculus, while high polymorphism was observed for lemma: the colour of apiculus (early observation) (1.542) according to Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H′). Even distribution was observed for traits ligule: colour (0.971), lemma: colour of apiculus: (late observation) (0.920), and sterile lemma: shape (0.908). The Simpson evenness index was maximum for lemma: colour of apiculus (0.783), indicating a higher probability of obtaining two characters for a trait under random selection. Thus, the present study is the preliminary depiction for characterization and diversity analysis in cultivated rice landraces with potential for further rice improvement programs.
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Authors express heartfelt appreciation to Ghanpokhara and Purkot Community Seed Bank for the invaluable seeds of rice landraces, which were the cornerstone of this study.
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PS experimented and wrote the main manuscript MD. RK and PS were co-researchers BPK supervised research and wrote the manuscript AP supervised reserch.
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Appendices
Appendix 1: Score plot of 20 rice landraces for the first and second principal components
Appendix 2: Twenty rice landraces seed and caryopsis variation
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Shrestha, P., Kandel, B.P., Shrestha, P. et al. Characterization of rice landraces of Lamjung and Tanahun districts. Genet Resour Crop Evol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-01929-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-01929-0