Abstract
Diploid species with desirable traits among wheat's wild relatives have a high potential for crop modification. DNA methylation is one of the significant epigenetic alterations that is linked to the pattern of gene expression and contributes to genetic instability. The coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification technique and five randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were used to study methylation changes in two Einkorn wheat genotypes, including H9 (collected from Ravansar region) and S10 (collected from Sanandaj region) and four soil water availability treatments included control, mild, moderate and severe stress (irrigation at 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of field capacity, respectively) in two stages (14 days after water deficiency and 14 days after re-watering). The experiment was laid out as a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment within a completely randomized design replicated three times. Measured physiological traits included relative leaf water content (RWC), maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and stomatal conductance. The results showed that the lowest RWC, Fv/Fm, and stomatal conductance were related to the severe stress treatment. RWC and Fv/Fm were significantly lower in moisture stress compared to the re-watering stage. Additionally, the S10 genotype demonstrated greater drought tolerance than H9. In reaction to severe water deprivation, distinct methylation patterns were seen in different replications of each treatment. This could be because every plant reacts to stress and epigenetic modifications differently. After the stress was removed from the segments that had changed their methylation patterns as a result of water shortage, the majority of them went back to how they had been before the stress, indicating that methylation alterations in the genome are reversible.
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Leila Zarei and Kianoosh Cheghamirza designed the model and analyzed the data. Narges Hosseini carried out the experiments. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.
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Hosseini, N., Zarei, L. & Cheghamirza, K. Diversity of individuals' methylation patterns to different moisture regimes in Einkorn wheat revealed by CRED-RA technique. Genet Resour Crop Evol 71, 1695–1707 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01735-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01735-0