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Molecular screening of the landraces from Turkey and modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars for HMW-GS, wbm, waxy genes and Lr34 gene

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Abstract

Landraces are significant genetic resources for wheat breeding as they can adapt to their regions of origin. However, for this genetic resource to be used effectively in wheat breeding, it should be screened molecularly for some functional genes. The study used 123 landraces and modern bread wheat varieties grown in Turkey. We screened the genetic materials for the wbm, waxy genes, high molecular weight glutenin subunits, and the Lr34 gene, which provides adult plant resistance to rust disease. There were three different alleles for the Glu-A1 locus, six different alleles for the Glu-B1 locus, and five different alleles for the Glu-D1 locus. For the Glu-A1 locus, a null subunit was found in 73 genotypes (59.3%) and that is the most common subunit. 7 + 8 subunit is the most common alleles (65.8%) in the Glu-B1 locus. In the Glu-D1 locus, 2 + 12 is the most common (63.4%) subunit associated with poor gluten quality, and 78 genotypes contain this subunit. When the three loci were evaluated, 23 combinations were found among all the genotypes screened. The two combinations include two new subunits (2 + 12′ and 2 + 12*) whose effects on bread quality have not yet been evaluated. Halbert and Gülümbür-Makas wheat cultivars contain the wbm gene, while six cultivars contain the Lr-34 gene. Six genotypes have only Wx-A1 and Wx-D1 alleles for waxy alleles. The results revealed that the landraces did not contain the genes screened within the scope of the study in terms of functional genes used in wheat breeding. The results indicated that we should use modern cultivars containing target genes in breeding programs when these landraces are used as the parent.

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The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey

    Mesut Ersin Sönmez, Bedrettin Demir, Ceren Bayraç & Nevzat Aydın

  2. Plant and Animal Production Department, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey

    Tuğba Güleç

  3. Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institue, Eskişehir, Turkey

    Mustafa Çakmak

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  1. Mesut Ersin Sönmez
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  2. Tuğba Güleç
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  3. Bedrettin Demir
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Sönmez, M.E., Güleç, T., Demir, B. et al. Molecular screening of the landraces from Turkey and modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars for HMW-GS, wbm, waxy genes and Lr34 gene. Genet Resour Crop Evol 70, 775–788 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-022-01460-0

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