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High and similar genetic diversity in wild and cultivated populations of the economically important fruit tree Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. in Caatinga

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Abstract

Domestication involves a genetic selection process that may lead to loss of genetic diversity. Several species that are used as food resources by native Americans may have been domesticated or managed to some degree. In the Cerrado and the Caatinga ecoregions in Brazil, fruits and seeds are commonly found in archeological sites, implying human consumption. Here, we test the hypotheses that different management systems affect genetic diversity and differentiation, and edible morphological traits of fruits and seeds of Caryocar coriaceum. We analyzed the variation in microsatellite loci and morphological traits in wild populations under extractivism, in situ managed populations and cultivated populations. We found similar genetic diversity, allelic richness and inbreeding in populations in different management systems, contrary to our expectations. We also found no genetic differentiation among management systems, contradicting our prediction. These results suggest that the species has not experienced a bottleneck, most likely because the plantations are a first-generation selection of seeds in wild populations, and the farmers keep high tree density and large planted populations favoring high genetic diversity. This also suggests a management system allowing the maintenance of genetic diversity. However, we found high differences in edible morphometric traits, supporting our prediction. Cultivated and in situ management populations showed larger fruit and seed traits than wild populations under extrativism. These findings suggest that farmers are intentionally selecting fruits with some edible characteristics to establish the plantations or to keep and manage populations in situ.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by competitive grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) to RGC (Rede Cerrado CNPq/PPBio Project No. 457406/2012-7), Procad/CAPES project (# 88881.068425/2014-01), and to UPA a grant from FACEPE (Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco, APQ-1264- 2.05/10). JRSJ receive a CNPq scholarship. RGC and UPA have been continuously supported by productivity grants from CNPq, which we gratefully acknowledge. We thank Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) for the sampling authorization in the Araripe National Forest (license # 38093-2/SISBIO), and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by competitive grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) to RGC (Rede Cerrado CNPq/PPBio project no. 457406/2012–7), Procad/CAPES project (# 88881.068425/2014–01), and to UPA a grant from FACEPE (Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco, APQ-1264- 2.05/10).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Etnobiologia e Conservação, Curso de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Amílcar Ferreira Sobral (CAFS), BR-343, KM 3,5 - Meladão, Floriano, Piauí, 64808-605, Brazil

    José Ribamar Sousa-Junior

  2. Laboratorio de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil

    José Ribamar Sousa-Junior & Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque

  3. Departamento de Biodiversidade e Conservação, Instituto Federal Goiano Campus Rio Verde, Cx.P. 66, Rio Verde, Goiás, 75901-970, Brazil

    Luciana Cristina Vitorino

  4. Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil

    Warita Alves de Melo & Rosane Garcia Collevatti

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  1. José Ribamar Sousa-Junior
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  2. Luciana Cristina Vitorino
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  3. Warita Alves de Melo
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  4. Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
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Contributions

RGC UPA and JRSJ designed the experiment. RGC and. UPA financed the work. JRSJ performed the field work, collected the samples, and performed the wet-lab work. RGC, LCV and WAM analyzed the data. RGC wrote the manuscript. All authors read and contributed to the final text.

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Correspondence to Rosane Garcia Collevatti.

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Sousa-Junior, J.R., Vitorino, L.C., de Melo, W.A. et al. High and similar genetic diversity in wild and cultivated populations of the economically important fruit tree Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. in Caatinga. Genet Resour Crop Evol 70, 413–426 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-022-01435-1

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