Abstract
Lectins are non-immunological carbohydrate-binding proteins classified on the basis of their structure, origin, and sugar specificity. The binding specificity of such proteins with the surface glycan moiety determines their activity and clinical applications. Thus, lectins hold great potential as diagnostic and drug discovery agents and as novel biopharmaceutical products. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding plant and microbial lectins as therapeutic agents against various viral diseases. Among them, mannose-specific lectins have being proven as promising antiviral agents against a variety of viruses, such as HIV, Influenza, Herpes, Ebola, Hepatitis, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and most recent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The binding of mannose-binding lectins (MBLs) from plants and microbes to high-mannose containing N-glycans (which may be simple or complex) of glycoproteins found on the surface of viruses has been found to be highly specific and mainly responsible for their antiviral activity. MBLs target various steps in the viral life cycle, including viral attachment, entry and replication. The present review discusses the brief classification and structure of lectins along with antiviral activity of various mannose-specific lectins from plants and microbial sources and their diagnostic and therapeutic applications against viral diseases.
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RA and KY are grateful to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India, for providing financial assistance in the form of approved ICMR Adhoc Project No. 2021-9508 (RFC No. ITR/Adhoc/2/2023-24 dated 05/09/2023; File No. 17X (3)/Adhoc/34/2022-ITR).
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The authors confirm contribution to the paper as follows: KY, RA, AY and UND conceived the original idea and designed the contents of the manuscript; AG, KY, AY and DK drafted the manuscript. AG, AS and MAK prepared diagrams. RA, KY, AY, and UND critically edited and revised the final version of the manuscript. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the final manuscript.
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Gupta, A., Yadav, K., Yadav, A. et al. Mannose-specific plant and microbial lectins as antiviral agents: A review. Glycoconj J 41, 1–33 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-023-10142-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-023-10142-7