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Signaling domains of cancer-associated glycolipids

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Abstract

Immunotherapy of malignant cancers is now becoming one of representative approaches to overcome cancers. To construct strategies for immunotherapy, presence of tumor-specific antigens should be a major promise. A number of cancer specific- or cancer-associated antigens have been reported based on various experimental sets and various animal systems. The most reasonable strategy to define tumor-specific antigens might be “autologous typing” performed by Old’s group, proposing three classes of tumor-antigens recognized by host immune systems of cancer patients. Namely, class 1, individual antigens that is present only in the patient’s sample analyzed; class 2, shared antigens that can be found only in some group of cancers in some patients, but not in normal cells and tissues; class 3, universal antigens that are present in some cancers but also in normal cells and tissues with different densities. Sen Hakomori reported there were novel carbohydrates in cancers that could not be detected in normal cells mainly by biochemical approaches. Consequently, many of class 2 cancer-specific antigens have been revealed to be carbohydrate antigens, and been used for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Not only as cancer markers, but roles of those cancer-associated carbohydrates have also been recognized as functional molecules in cancer cells. In particular, roles of complex carbohydrates in the regulation of cell signaling on the cell surface microdomains, glycolipid-enriched microdomain (GEM)/rafts have been reported by Hakomori and many other researchers including us. The processes and present status of these studies on cancer-associated glycolipids were summarized.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ms S. Yamamoto, Y. Kitaura, T. Ito, and Y. Imao for excellent technical assistance. We also thank Ms M. Kojima for a nice secretarial help. This study was supported by Grants-in-Aids from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports and Technology of Japan (MEXT)(18H02628, 19K07393, 19K22518, 21K06828, 21H02699) and by JST-CREST (Grant Number: JPMJCR17H2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan

    Koichi Furukawa, Kei Kaneko, Farhana Yesmin, Robiul H. Bhuiyan, Orie Tajima & Keiko Furukawa

  2. Department of Clinical Engineering, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan

    Yuhsuke Ohmi

  3. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

    Koichi Furukawa, Yuji Kondo & Farhana Yesmin

  4. Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nisshin, Japan

    Kazunori Hamamura

  5. Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Institute, Osaka, Japan

    Yuki Ohkawa

  6. Department of Tissue Regeneration, Tokushima University Graduate School Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan

    Noboru Hashimoto

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Furukawa, K., Ohmi, Y., Hamamura, K. et al. Signaling domains of cancer-associated glycolipids. Glycoconj J 39, 145–155 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-022-10051-1

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