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Observational results from the LIGO and Virgo detectors

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Abstract

The first generation of ground-based interferometric gravitational wave detectors, LIGO, GEO and Virgo, have operated and taken data at their design sensitivities over the last few years. The data have been examined for the presence of gravitational wave signals. While no gravitational wave events have been found important astrophysical statements can be made. The most significant results are presented in this article. The network of detectors is currently being upgraded and extended. This upgrade will provide the sensitivity needed for the direct detection of an astrophysical source emitting gravitational waves. For instance, the binary neutron stars inspiral distance range will reach 200 Mpc when upgraded detectors reach their design sensitivities circa 2020. The capability of the global network to determine accurately the sky location of the source is opening a new window on the Universe, where gravitational alerts will be used for quick electro-magnetic follow-ups of the sources.

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Notes

  1. \(\epsilon ={{I_{xx}-I{yy}}\over {I_{zz}}}\), where the \(I\)s are the moments of inertia of the star and the spin axis is assumed to lie in the \(z-\)direction.

  2. In the case of Gaussian noise, an SNR 8 event is very unlikely to be due to noise.

    Fig. 1
    figure 1

    The best LIGO and Virgo sensitivities during the initial observational era

    Full size image

  3. This is a rough estimate when the distances are within our local universe.

  4. This represents \(\sim \)350 GRBs.

  5. It is however unknown whether EM and GW energies are correlated.

  6. See [9] for references.

  7. The real situation is a bit more complicated because of unknown other parameters (polarization angle, inclination angle, phase) that can be maximized over.

  8. See however the discussion on Schumann resonances in Sect. 3.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the United States National Science Foundation for the construction and operation of the LIGO Laboratory, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society, and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction and operation of the GEO600 detector, and the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare and the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of the research by these agencies and by the Australian Research Council, the International Science Linkages program of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare of Italy, the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, the Conselleria d’Economia Hisenda i Innovació of the Govern de les Illes Balears, the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the FOCUS Programme of Foundation for Polish Science, the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Carnegie Trust, the Leverhulme Trust, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Research Corporation, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

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  1. Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, 91898, Orsay, France

    Marie Anne Bizouard

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Correspondence to Marie Anne Bizouard.

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This article belongs to the Topical Collection: The First Century of General Relativity: GR20/Amaldi10. Guest Editors: Jerzy Lewandowski, Bala Iyer, Sheila Rowan.

M.A. Bizouard on behalf of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration.

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Bizouard, M.A. Observational results from the LIGO and Virgo detectors. Gen Relativ Gravit 46, 1763 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-014-1763-6

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