Abstract
Ulva prolifera O.F. Müller (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) is well known as a typical green-tide forming macroalga which has caused the world’s largest macroalgal blooms in the Yellow Sea of China. In this study, two full-length γ-carbonic anhydrase (γ-CA) genes (UpγCA1 and UpγCA2) were cloned from U. prolifera. UpγCA1 has three conserved histidine residues, which act as an active site for binding a zinc metal ion. In UpγCA2, two of the three histidine residues were replaced by serine and arginine, respectively. The two γ-CA genes are clustered together with other γ-CAs in Chlorophyta with strong support value (100% bootstrap) in maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that stressful environmental conditions markedly inhibited transcription levels of these two γ-CA genes. Low pH value (pH 7.5) significantly increased transcription level of UpγCA2 not UpγCA1 at 12 h, whereas high pH value (pH 8.5) significantly inhibited the transcription of these two γ-CA genes at 6 h. These findings enhanced our understanding on transcriptional regulation of γ-CA genes in response to environmental factors in U. prolifera.
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Abbreviations
- CA:
-
Carbonic anhydrase
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- HCO3 − :
-
Bicarbonate anion
- CCM:
-
CO2 concentrating mechanism
- qRT-PCR:
-
Quantitative real-time PCR
- ITS:
-
Internal transcribed spacer
- LβH:
-
Left-handed parallel β helix
- ML:
-
Maximum likelihood
- MW:
-
Molecular weight
- CDS:
-
Coding sequence
- UTR:
-
Untranslated region
- pI:
-
Isoelectric point
- RACE:
-
Rapid amplification of cDNA ends
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Mengqiang Wang, Xingfeng Liu and Wei Luan for their assistance in algal collection and data analysis. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41876165), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA23050302/XDA23050403/XDB42000000), the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. QYZDB-SSW-DQC023), the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province (No. 2019JZZY020706), and the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System in Shandong Province of China (No. SDAIT-26-09).
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FL, YW, YB and NC were responsible for the bioinformatics analysis. FL and YW wrote the manuscript. ML and SS identified and cultivated algal samples. FL and YB conceived the study. FL was responsible for research funding. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Wang, Y., Liu, F., Liu, M. et al. Molecular cloning and transcriptional regulation of two γ-carbonic anhydrase genes in the green macroalga Ulva prolifera. Genetica 149, 63–72 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-020-00112-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-020-00112-4