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Genome-wide association analysis of host genotype and plastic wing morphological variation of an endoparasitoid wasp Asobara japonica (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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Abstract

Accumulating evidence suggests that genotype of host insects influences the development of koinobiont endoparasitoids. Although there are many potential genetic variations that lead to the internal body environmental variations of host insects, association between the host genotype and the parasitoid development has not been examined in a genome-wide manner. In the present study, we used highly inbred whole genome sequenced strains of Drosophila melanogaster to associate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of host flies with morphological traits of Asobara japonica, a larval-pupal parasitoid wasp that infected those hosts. We quantified the outline shape of the forewings of A. japonica with two major principal components (PC1 and PC2) calculated from Fourier coefficients obtained from elliptic Fourier analysis. We also quantified wing size and estimated wasp survival. We then examined the association between the PC scores, wing size and 1,798,561 SNPs and  the association between the estimated wasp survival and 1,790,544 SNPs. As a result, we obtained 22, 24 and 14 SNPs for PC1, PC2 and wing size and four SNPs for the estimated survival with P values smaller than 10−5. Based on the location of the SNPs, 12, 17, 11 and five protein coding genes were identified as potential candidates for PC1, PC2, wing size and the estimated survival, respectively. Based on the function of the candidate genes, it is suggested that the host genetic variation associated with the cell growth and morphogenesis may influence the wasp’s morphogenetic variation.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by International Science and Technology Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan

    Shinpei Yamashita, Tomohiro Takigahira & Kazuo H. Takahashi

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  1. Shinpei Yamashita
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  2. Tomohiro Takigahira
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  3. Kazuo H. Takahashi
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Correspondence to Kazuo H. Takahashi.

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Supplementary Figure S1

Relationship between phenotypic traits. PC1 and PC2 (a), PC1 and Size (b) and PC2 and Size (c) (PDF 279 KB)

Supplementary Figure S2

Relationship between the numbers of flies emerged in control treatment and wasps emerged in wasp infection treatment (PDF 116 KB)

Supplementary Figure S3

Relationship between morphological traits and estimated survival. PC1 and estimated survival (a), PC2 and estimated survival (b) and Size and estimated survival (c) (PDF 473 KB)

Supplementary Figure S4

Quantile–Quantile plots for PC1 (a), PC2 (b), Size (c) and estimated survival (d) (PDF 266 KB)

Supplementary Figure S5

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) map for the candidate SNPs for PC1 (a), PC2 (b), Size (c) and estimated survival (d) (PDF 907 KB)

Supplementary Figure S6

Effect size and statistical significance of candidate SNPs. Cohen’s d and −log10 (P value) are used as indices of effect size and statistical significance for PC1 (a), PC2 (b), Size (c) and estimated survival (d) (PDF 806 KB)

Supplementary material 7 (PDF 84 KB)

Supplementary material 8 (PDF 85 KB)

Supplementary material 9 (PDF 90 KB)

Supplementary material 10 (PDF 85 KB)

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Yamashita, S., Takigahira, T. & Takahashi, K.H. Genome-wide association analysis of host genotype and plastic wing morphological variation of an endoparasitoid wasp Asobara japonica (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Genetica 146, 313–321 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-018-0022-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-018-0022-2

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