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Assessing the right to water of the urban poor in Dhaka city

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Abstract

Dhaka, the capital metropolis of Bangladesh, is burdened with huge population and unplanned urbanization. It is facing huge challenge to provide city-wide water connection due to the declination of groundwater resources, pollution of surface water sources, and poor governance. The low-income communities (LICs) in the city suffer the most due to the absence of formal water supply. This study assesses the right to water of the urban poor in three select slums of the city. It dissects the issue from four broad perspectives: economic burden of water, sociopolitical constraints to attain the right to water, climate change led potential aggravation to the right, and prevailing policy environment to protect the right. It also assesses the implications of the non-fulfilment of right to water on the water security of the urban poor. The study collects primary data using a mixed-method approach, and secondary data from government organizations and dynamic downscaling of regional climate model. The findings indicate that dealing with high water price with low income creates extra financial burden for the poor families resulting in high gender inequality. This inequality varies with hydroclimatic extremity and probability of eviction of the slums. The right to water of the urban poor, especially the slum women, would be greatly impacted by the potential climate change. The existing water and climate change policies in Bangladesh fail to address the right to water issues of the urban poor due mainly to the absence of implementation protocol. The findings would be useful in formulating policies to improve water supply to LICs in Bangladesh and elsewhere.

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(Adapted from World Bank, 2017)

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Data availability

The data used in the study can be made available upon request to the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the two reviewers and the editor for their valuable comments and useful suggestions, which helped improve the quality of this paper.

Funding

This study was funded by the International Development Research Center (IDRC), Canada, under IDRC-South Asian Water (SAWA) Leadership Program on Climate Change (Grant No. 108441-002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. South Asian Water (SAWA) Fellowship Program on Climate Change, Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Sumaia Kashem, Nazwa Tahsin & Zarin Subah

  2. Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Sonia Binte Murshed, Sara Nowreen & M. Shahjahan Mondal

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  1. Sumaia Kashem
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Methodology, data collection and analysis were performed by SK, NT and ZS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by SK, NT and ZS. The review and editing of the manuscript were done by SBM, SN and MSM. Funding acquisition and project administration were done by MSM. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to M. Shahjahan Mondal.

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Kashem, S., Tahsin, N., Subah, Z. et al. Assessing the right to water of the urban poor in Dhaka city. GeoJournal 88, 3183–3204 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-022-10804-3

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