Abstract
This paper presents a review of literature about using waste glass and the results of a laboratory experimental program to evaluate the potential of waste glass as an additive in clayey soil according to ASTM D4609 standard. Three different clayey soils were supplied, and waste glass was obtained from windows of a collapsed building. Waste glass was pulverized and sieved below 425 μm. This powdered glass was blended with each clayey soil, separately, with different percentages as 10%, 20% and 25%. A series of laboratory tests which included Atterberg limits, compaction, California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength, were conducted on all specimens. The results of test demonstrated that powdered glass has a potential for using as an additive in clayey soils.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AASHTO M318 (2015) Standard specification for glass cullet use for soil-aggregate base course standard. American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials
Al-Akhras NM, Ayman A, Al-Qasem I (2011) Recycling of waste glass in mortar mixtures. J Solid Waste Technol Manag 37(3):157–167. https://doi.org/10.5276/JSWTM.2011.157
Aly M, Hashmi MSJ, Olabi AG, Messeiry M, Hussain AL (2011) Effect of nano clay particles on mechanical, thermal and physical behaviours of waste-glass cement mortars. Mater Sci Eng, A 528:7991–7998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.07.058
Cardoso R, Silva RV, Brito J, Dhir R (2015) Use of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste in geotechnical applications: a literature review. Waste Manag. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.12.021
Carpenter AC, Gardner KH, Fopiano J, Benson CH, Edil TB (2007) Life cycle-based risk assessment of recycled materials in roadway construction. Waste Manag 27:1458–1464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.03.007
Chidiac SE, Federico LM (2007) Effects of waste glass additions on the properties and durability of fired clay brick 1. Can J Civ Eng 34(11):1458–1466. https://doi.org/10.1139/L07-120
Corinaldesi V, Gnappi G, Moriconi G, Montenero A (2005) Reuse of ground waste glass as aggregate for mortars. Waste Manag 25(5):197–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2004.12.009
Davidović N, Bonić Z, Prolović V (2012) Waste glass as additive to clayey material in subgrade and embankment of road pavement. Facta Univ Ser: Archit Civ Eng 10(2):215–222. https://doi.org/10.2298/FUACE1202215D
Disfani MM, Arulrajah A, Bo M, Hankour R (2011) Recycled crushed glass in road work applications. Waste Manag 31(11):2341–2351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.07.003
Disfani MM, Arulrajah A, Bo MW, Sivakugan N (2012) Environmental risks of using recycled crushed glass in road applications. J Clean Prod 20:170–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.07.020
Edil T, Acosta H, Benson C (2006) Stabilizing soft fine-grained soils with fly ash. J Mater Civ Eng 18(2):283–294. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:2(283)
EPA-Environmental Protection Agency (1990). The environmental protection agency’s report on characterization of municipal solid waste in the United States: 1997 Update. https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/web/pdf/msw97rpt.pdf
Federico LM, Chidiac SE (2009) Waste glass as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete—critical review of treatment methods. Cement Concr Compos 31:606–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.02.001
Forteza R, Far M, Segui C, Cerda V (2004) Characterization of bottom ash in municipal solid waste incinerators for its use in road base. Waste Manag 24:899–909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2004.07.004
GIR-Glass Industry Report 2012-2 (2012) Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology, Glass İndustry Report Turkey
Huang Y, Bird RN, Heidrich O (2007) A review of the use of recycled solid waste materials in asphalt pavements. Resour Conserv Recycl 52(1):58–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2007.02.002
Imtiaz A (1991) Use of waste materials in highway construction. Publication FHWA/IN/JHRP-91/03. Joint Highway Research Project, Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University, Indiana
Jani Y, Hogland W (2014) Waste glass in the production of cement and concrete-A review. J Environ Chem Eng 2(3):1767–1775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2014.03.016
Kavak A, Mutman U, Bilgen G (2010) In-situ modification of a road material using a special polymer. Sci Res Essays 5(17):2547–2555
Kavak A, Bilgen G, Capar OF (2012) Using ground granulated blast furnace slag with seawater as soil additives in lime-clay stabilization. ASTM Special Technical Publication, pp 481–497. https://doi.org/10.1520/JAI103648
Khmiri A, Samet B, Chaabouni M (2012) A cross mixture design to optimise the formulation of a ground waste glass blended cement. Constr Build Mater 28:680–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.032
Khmiri A, Chaabouni M, Samet B (2013) Chemical behaviour of ground waste glass when used as partial cement replacement in mortars. Constr Build Mater 44:74–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.040
Linga TC, Poona CS, Wonga HW (2013) Management and recycling of waste glass in concrete products: current situations in Hong Kong. Resour Conserv Recycl 70:25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.10.006
Malhotra VM (2002) Sustainable development and concrete technology. Concr Int 24(7):22
Matos AM, Sousa-Coutinho J (2012) Durability of mortar using waste glass powder as cement replacement. Constr Build Mater 36:205–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.027
Meyer C (2001) Recycled glass-from waste material to valuable resource. In: Proceedings of international symposium on recycling and reuse of glass cullet, 19–20, March, Dundee, Scotland, pp 179–189
Miller RH, Collins RJ (1976) Waste materials as potential replacements for highway aggregates. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report No. 166. Transport Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, p 94
Nassar RUD, Soroushian P (2011) Field investigation of concrete incorporating milled waste glass. J Solid Waste Technol Manag 4:307–319. https://doi.org/10.5276/JSWTM.2011.307
Shao Y, Lefort T, Moras S, Rodriguez D (2000) Studies on concrete containing ground waste glass. Cem Concr Res 30:91–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00213-6
Shayan A, Xu A (2004) Value-added utilization of waste glass in concrete. Cem Concr Res 34:81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03),00251-5
Shayan A, Xu A (2006) Performance of glass powder as a pozzolanic material in concrete: a field trial on concrete slabs. Cem Concr Res 36:457–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.12.012
Sisecam (2012) Turkey glass and glass products industry assembly industry report. ISBN: 978-605-137-299-0. TOBB Publications Order No: 2013/203
Skarzyntiska KM (1995) Reuse of coal mining wastes in civil engineering- part 1: properties of mine stone. Waste Manag 15(1):3–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-053X(95)00004-J
Taha B, Nounu G (2008) Properties of concrete contain mixed colour waste recycled glass as sand and cement replacement. Constr Build Mater 22(5):713–720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.01.019
Tasong W, Wild S, Tilley RJD (1999) Mechanisms by which ground granulated blast furnace slag prevents sulphate attack of lime-stabilized kaolinite. Cem Concr Res 29(7):975–982. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00007-1
Taştan EO (2005) Stabilization of organic soils using fly ash. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison. http://rmrc.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Tastan-MS-Thesis.pdf
Uchikawa H, Shunsuke H (1997) Recycling of waste as an alternative raw material and fuel in cement manufacturing. In: Waste materials used in concrete manufacturing. Noyes publications, United States of America, pp 430–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-081551393-3.50011-9
UGW-User Guidelines for Waste and By-product Materials in Pavement Construction, Publication Number: FHWA-RD-97-148, Office of Research, Development, and Technology, Office of Safety, RDT, Updated: 04/23/2012. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/structures/97148/wg1.cfm
Younus Ali MM, Newman G, Arulrajah A, Disfani MM (2011) Application of recycled glass-crushed rock blends in road pavements. Aust Geomech 46(1):113–122
Acknowledgements
This study was funded by the Bulent Ecevit University scope of project No: 2015-8480-6154-01.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bilgen, G. Utilization of Powdered Glass as an Additive in Clayey Soils. Geotech Geol Eng 38, 3163–3173 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01215-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01215-7