Abstract
Freight transport planning is nowadays encouraged to align with environmental objectives. Among those, climate change is of particular interest for many countries. In its White Paper on Transport, the European Commission considers intermodal transport as a potential solution for reducing environmental impacts. In order to make good strategic transport decisions, realistic decision support models for freight transport networks must be developed, so that insights can be derived for the different stakeholders of the transportation chain. This research proposes a bi-objective mathematical formulation which takes into account economic and environmental objectives, on a road and intermodal network with three modes of transport (road, intermodal rail, and intermodal inland waterways), and in which economies of scale of intermodal transport can be considered. With this model better fitting reality, an application to the Belgian case study provides practical information on how flows, terminal types and locations vary depending on the chosen policy, on the integration or not of economies of scale, on costs or emissions modifications and on the number of terminals to locate. Results show that the chosen policy influences the terminal type and the intermodal market share. The study also highlights the interest of intermodal transport on short distances, and the risk of flow exchanges inside the intermodal market share, rather than between road and intermodal transport.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alumur S, Kara BY (2008) Network hub location problems: the state of the art. Eur J Oper Res 190(1):1–21. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2007.06.008. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221707005577
Arnold P, Peeters D, Thomas I, Marchand H (2001) Pour une localisation optimale des centres de transbordement intermodaux entre rseaux de transport: formulation et extensions. Can Geogr/Le Gographe canadien 45(3):427–436. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0064.2001.tb01192.x
Arnold P, Peeters D, Thomas I (2004) Modelling a rail/road intermodal transportation system. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 40(3):255–270. doi:10.1016/j.tre.2003.08.005. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1366554503000723
Belotti P, Kirches C, Leyffer S, Linderoth J, Luedtke J, Mahajan A (2013) Mixed-integer nonlinear optimization. Acta Numer 22:1–131. doi:10.1017/S0962492913000032. http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0962492913000032
Bontekoning Y, Macharis C, Trip J (2004) Is a new applied transportation research field emerging? A review of intermodal railtruck freight transport literature. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 38(1):1–34. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2003.06.001. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856403000740
Bouchery Y, Fransoo J (2015) Cost, carbon emissions and modal shift in intermodal network design decisions. Int J Prod Econ 164:388–399. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.11.017. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092552731400379X
Caris A, Macharis C, Janssens GK (2008) Planning problems in intermodal freight transport: accomplishments and prospects. Transp Plan Technol 31(3):277–302. doi:10.1080/03081060802086397
Caris A, Macharis C, Janssens GK (2013) Decision support in intermodal transport: a new research agenda. Comput Ind 64(2):105–112. doi:10.1016/j.compind.2012.12.001. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166361512002047. Decision support for intermodal transport
Carreira J, Santos BF, Limbourg S (2012) Inland intermodal freight transport modelling. In: 40th ETC—European transport conference, Glasgow, UK
Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine (2014) Inland navigation in Europe market observation 2014. Tech. rep., CCNR, Strasbourg
Chankong V, Haimes Y (1983) Multiobjective decision making: theory and methodology. North-Holland series in system science and engineering. North Holland. https://books.google.be/books?id=ZIg-AQAAIAAJ
Chen G, Govindan K, Golias MM (2013) Reducing truck emissions at container terminals in a low carbon economy: proposal of a queueing-based bi-objective model for optimizing truck arrival pattern. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 55:3–22. doi:10.1016/j.tre.2013.03.008. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1366554513000586. Green shipping management
Ernst AT, Krishnamoorthy M (1998) Exact and heuristic algorithms for the uncapacitated multiple allocation p-hub median problem. Eur J Oper Res 104(1):100–112. doi:10.1016/S0377-2217(96)00340-2. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221796003402
European Commission (2001) Real cost reduction of door-to-door intermodal transport RECORDIT. Tech. rep., European Commission, Directorate General DG VIIRTD, 5th Framework Programme, Brussels
European Commission (2011) White paper: roadmap to a single European transport area—towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system. Tech. rep., COM, Brussels
European Commission (2015a) Commission refers Belgium and Bulgaria to court and gives Sweden a final warning over poor air quality. http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-15-5197_en.htm
European Commission (2015b) Road transport: reducing CO\(_2\) emissions from vehicles. http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/vehicles/index_en.htm
Eurostat (2014) Train movements, by type of vehicle and source of power. http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=rail_tf_traveh&lang=en
Eurostat (2015) Modal split of freight transport. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/refreshTableAction.do?tab=table&plugin=1&pcode=tsdtr220&language=en
Farahani RZ, Hekmatfar M, Arabani AB, Nikbakhsh E (2013) Hub location problems: a review of models, classification, solution techniques, and applications. Comput Ind Eng 64(4):1096–1109. doi:10.1016/j.cie.2013.01.012. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360835213000326
Ghane-Ezabadi M, Vergara HA (2016) Decomposition approach for integrated intermodal logistics network design. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 89:53–69. doi:10.1016/j.tre.2016.02.009. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1366554515300831
Hoen KMR, Tan T, Fransoo JC, van Houtum GJ (2010) Effect of carbon emission regulations on transport mode selection in supply chains. Tech. rep., Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven
Hoen KMR, Tan T, Fransoo JC, van Houtum GJ (2014) Effect of carbon emission regulations on transport mode selection under stochastic demand. Flex Serv Manuf J 26(1):170–195. doi:10.1007/s10696-012-9151-6
Ishfaq R, Sox CR (2011) Hub location–allocation in intermodal logistic networks. Eur J Oper Res 210(2):213–230. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2010.09.017. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221710006156
Janic M (2007) Modelling the full costs of an intermodal and road freight transport network. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ 12(1):33–44. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2006.10.004. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920906000794
Janic M (2008) An assessment of the performance of the European long intermodal freight trains (lifts). Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 42(10):1326–1339. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2008.06.008. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856408001213
Jeroslow RG, Lowe JK (1984) Mathematical programming at Oberwolfach II, chap. Modelling with integer variables. Springer, Berlin, pp 167–184. doi:10.1007/BFb0121015
Kimms A (2006) Economies of scale in hub and spoke network design models: we have it all wrong. In: Morlock M, Schwindt C, Rautmann N, Zimmermann J (eds) Perspectives on operations research: essays in honor of Klaus Neumann. Gabler Publishing, Wiesbaden, pp 293–317
Limbourg S, Jourquin B (2009) Optimal rail-road container terminal locations on the European network. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 45(4):551–563. doi:10.1016/j.tre.2008.12.003. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136655450800149X
Lin CC, Chiang YI, Lin SW (2014) Efficient model and heuristic for the intermodal terminal location problem. Comput Oper Res 51:41–51. doi:10.1016/j.cor.2014.05.004. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305054814001336
Macharis C, Bontekoning YM (2004) Opportunities for OR in intermodal freight transport research: a review. Eur J Oper Res 153(2):400–416
Macharis C, Pekin E (2009) Assessing policy measures for the stimulation of intermodal transport: a gis-based policy analysis. J Transp Geogr 17(6):500–508
Macharis C, Van Hoeck E, Pekin E, Van Lier T (2010) A decision analysis framework for intermodal transport: comparing fuel price increases and the internalisation of external costs. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 44(7):550–561
Mathisen, TA, Sandberg Hanssen TE (2014) The academic literature on intermodal freight transport. Transp Res Proc 3:611 – 620. doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2014.10.040. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352146514002038. 17th meeting of the EURO working group on transportation, EWGT2014, 2–4 July 2014, Sevilla, Spain
Meers D, Macharis C (2014) Are additional intermodal terminals still desirable? An analysis for Belgium. Eur J Transp Infrastruct Res 14(2):178–196
Mostert M, Limbourg S (2016) External costs as competitiveness factors for freight transport a state of the art. Transp Rev
Promotie Binnenvaart Vlaanderen (2015) Periskal easy voyage planning. http://pbv.periskal.com/#Pages/EasyVoyagePlanning.xaml
PWC (2003) Faire le choix du transport fluvial: l’avis des entreprises - Enquete voies navigables de france. Tech. rep., PWC
Racunica I, Wynter L (2005) Optimal location of intermodal freight hubs. Transp Res Part B Methodol 39(5):453–477. doi:10.1016/j.trb.2004.07.001. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191261504000980
Rangaiah G (2009) Multi-objective optimization: techniques and applications in chemical engineering. Advances in process systems engineering. World Scientific. https://books.google.be/books?id=klR1nZIUkzQC
Santos BF, Limbourg S, Carreira JS (2015) The impact of transport policies on railroad intermodal freight competitiveness the case of Belgium. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ 34:230–244. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2014.10.015. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920914001564
Sirikijpanichkul A, Van Dam KH, Ferreira L, Lukszo Z (2007) Optimizing the location of intermodal freight hubs: an overview of the agent based modelling approach. J Transp Syst Eng Inf Technol 7(4):71–81
Sörensen K, Vanovermeire C (2013) Bi-objective optimization of the intermodal terminal location problem as a policy-support tool. Comput Ind 64(2):128–135. doi:10.1016/j.compind.2012.10.012. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166361512001996. Decision support for intermodal transport
Sörensen K, Vanovermeire C, Busschaert S (2012) Efficient metaheuristics to solve the intermodal terminal location problem. Comput Oper Res 39(9):2079–2090. doi:10.1016/j.cor.2011.10.005. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305054811002930
SteadieSeifi M, Dellaert N, Nuijten W, Van Woensel T, Raoufi R (2014) Multimodal freight transportation planning—a literature review. Eur J Oper Res 233(1):1–15. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2013.06.055. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221713005638
te Loo R (2009) A methodology for calculating CO\(_2\) emissions from transport and an evaluation of the impact of European union emission regulations
United Nations (2001) Terminology on combined transport. Tech. rep, United Nations, Geneva (Switzerland)
Zhang M, Wiegmans B, Tavasszy L (2013) Optimization of multimodal networks including environmental costs: a model and findings for transport policy. Comput Ind 64(2):136–145. doi:10.1016/j.compind.2012.11.008. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166361512002011. Decision support for intermodal transport
Zhang M, Janic M, Tavasszy L (2015) A freight transport optimization model for integrated network, service, and policy design. Transp Res Part E Logist Transpo Rev 77:61–76. doi:10.1016/j.tre.2015.02.013. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1366554515000526
Acknowledgements
Martine Mostert acknowledges the financial support of FRS-FNRS (Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique). The authors thank Annick Sartenaer and Thibaut Lust for their valuable advice. The authors are also grateful to the two anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments which definitely improved the paper. The project leading to the presented results was partially supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme initiated by the Belgian Science Policy Office, Comex, Grant P7/36. The paper, however, only expresses the view of the authors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mostert, M., Caris, A. & Limbourg, S. Intermodal network design: a three-mode bi-objective model applied to the case of Belgium. Flex Serv Manuf J 30, 397–420 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10696-016-9275-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10696-016-9275-1