Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary sodium butyrate (NaBT) supplementation on the gut health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed with a high soybean meal diet. Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated: a high fishmeal group (Control); a high soybean meal group (SBM), in which the 30% fishmeal protein in the Control diet was replaced by soy protein; and an NaBT group, in which 0.2% NaBT was added to the SBM diet. Each diet was fed to triplicate tanks (20 fish in each tank). After 8 weeks of feeding trial, the distal intestine and intestinal digesta of the fish in each treatment were sampled. The results showed that fishmeal replacement and NaBT supplementation did not affect fish growth performance. Dietary 0.2% NaBT supplementation improved intestinal morphology, increasing the villus width and villus height and reducing the width of lamina propria. The distal intestine of fish in the control and NaBT groups demonstrated lower activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and a lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, compared with the fish in the SBM group. Moreover, the addition of 0.2% NaBT in the feed significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) compared to the SBM diet. PCoA and UPGMA analyses based on weighted UniFrac distances demonstrated that intestinal microbial communities in the NaBT group were closer to those in the control group than to those in the SBM group. In addition, dietary 0.2% NaBT supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and decreased the abundance of Tenericutes at the phylum level. Furthermore, the abundance of Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, and Lachnospiraceae_uncultured was significantly increased, while that of Mycoplasma was significantly decreased in fish intestine at NaBT group at the genus level. In conclusion, dietary NaBT supplementation had beneficial roles in protecting the gut health of largemouth bass from the impairments caused by soybean meal.
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Great thanks were given to Dongying Bai and technician Shitu Tan for their technical assistance in the experiment.
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This work was supported by the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology (13,480,088), the National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (202,110,464,058), and the Key Research and Development and Promotion of Special (Science and Technology) Project of Henan Province (212,102,110,368).
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Kuo Chang carried out the experiment, wrote the manuscript, and contributed to the biochemical analysis. Jialong Chen and Xiaoyu Zhao assisted in the biochemical analysis. Shiyang Gao designed the experiment and revised the manuscript. Weijun Chen contributed to the study conception and design, revised the manuscript, and acquired the funding.
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Chen, W., Chang, K., Chen, J. et al. Dietary sodium butyrate supplementation attenuates intestinal inflammatory response and improves gut microbiota composition in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed with a high soybean meal diet. Fish Physiol Biochem 47, 1805–1819 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-01004-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-01004-w