Abstract
Sperm quality parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated during normal season spawning (November–January) and out-season spawning (July–August) treated with artificial photoperiod manipulation. Normal spawning males (n = 15) were kept in an open concrete pond under natural condition. Out-season spawning males (n = 15) were treated with artificial LED light (50 lm/m2) in a closed concrete pond. In these two experimental groups, five fish were used in each of three spawning periods. The mean weight and body length of males (2 + years, n = 30) were 1213.43 ± 39.43 g and 45.08 ± 0.62 cm, respectively. Sperms were collected from July to August 2016 in the out-season spawning or photoperiod-manipulated group (PG) (water temperature 14.21 ± 0.31 °C) and from December 2016 to January 2017, in the normal season spawning group (NG) (water temperature 8.81 ± 1.03 °C). Volume of sperm, osmolality of seminal plasma, density of sperm, percentage of motile spermatozoa (MOT), curvilinear velocity (VCL), and duration of motility were measured for each male. Seminal plasma osmolality, density of sperm, and the motility of duration were 358.47 ± 37.24 and 308.87 ± 44.09, 4.37 ± 2.10 and 9.8 ± 1.56, and 8.8 ± 2.42 and 24.6 ± 6.76 in PG and NG, respectively. Fertilization rate was 37.79 ± 9.37% and 94.51 ± 1.33% in PG and NG, respectively. Sperm quality parameters showed significant differences in most of the cases (p < 0.05) and fertilization rate at eyed egg stage (150–160 degree-days) was significantly higher in normal season spawning group than the photoperiod-manipulated group (p < 0.05). Though the rate of fertilization was low in out-season, it was able to get enough gametes in summer using only artificial light having no changes in other parameters.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alavi SMH, Linhart O, Coward K, Rodina M (2008) Fish spermatology: implications for aquaculture management, fish spermatology. In: Alavi SMH, Cosson J, Coward K, Rafiee G (eds) Chapter 12. Alpha science international ltd, Oxford, pp 397–460
ANSCI (2017) Determining the concentration of sperm with a hemocytometer. http://www.ansci.wisc.edu/jjp1/ansci_repro/lab/procedures/hemacytometer/Hemocytometer%20use.html. Accessed 15 Sept 2016
Billard R, Cosson MP (1992) Some problems related to the assessment of sperm motility in freshwater fish. J Exp Zool 261:122–131. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402610203
Bobe J, Labbé C (2010) Egg and sperm quality in fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 165(3):535–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.02.011
Bonnet E, Montfort J, Esquerre D, Hugot K, Fostier A, Bobe J (2007) Effect of photoperiod manipulation on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) egg quality: a genomic study. Aquaculture 268(1–4):13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Aquaculture2007.04.027
Borg B (2010) Photoperiodism in fishes. Photoperiodism: the biological calendar. In: Nelson RJ, David LD, David ES (eds) Third chapter. Oxford University Press, pp 371–395
Bromage N, Duston J, Randall C, Brook A, Thrush M, Carrillo M, Zanuy S (1990) Photoperiodic control of teleost reproduction. Prog Clin Biol Res 342:620–626
Bromage N, Bruce M, Basavaraja N, Rana K, Shields R, Young C, Gamble J (1994) Egg quality determinants in finfish the role of overripening with special reference to the timing of stripping in the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus. J World Aquacult Soc 25(1):13–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1994.tb00799.x
Bromage N, Roberts RJ (1995) Broodstock management and egg and larval quality. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, p 424
Bromage N, Porter M, Randall C (2001) The environmental regulation of maturation in farmed finfish with special reference to the role of photoperiod and melatonin. Aquaculture 197(1):63–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-50913-0.50008-4
Chi L, Li X, Liu Q, Liu Y (2017) Photoperiod regulate gonad development via kisspeptin/kissr in hypothalamus and saccus vasculosus of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). PLoS One 12(2):e0169569. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169569
Ciereszko A, Dabrowski K (1993) Estimation of sperm concentration of rainbow trout, whitefish and yellow perch using a spectrophotometric technique. Aquaculture 109(3):367–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(93)90175-X
Ciereszko A, Toth GP, Christ SA, Dabrowski K (1996) Effect of cryopreservation and theophylline on motility characteristics of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) spermatozoa. Theriogenology 45:665–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(95)00412-2
Ciereszko RE, Dabrowski K, Ciereszko A, Ottobare J (1997) Plasma concentration of steriod hormones in male yellow perch Perca flavescens: the effect of age and photothermal manipulation. Environ Biol Fish 51:97–105. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007460630535
Cosson J (2004) The ionic and osmotic factors controlling motility of fish spermatozoa. Aquac Int 12(1):69–85. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AQUI.0000017189.44263.bc
Cosson J (2010) Frenetic activation of fish spermatozoa flagella entails short-term motility, portending their precocious decadence. J Fish Biol 76(1):240–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02504.x
Dietrich GJ, Kowalski R, Wojtczak M, Dobosz S, Goryczko K, Ciereszko A (2005) Motility parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa in relation to sequential collection of milt, time of post-mortem storage and anesthesia. Fish Physiol Biochem 31(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-005-3527-4
Dziewulska K, Rzemieniecki A, Domagała J (2008) Basic physico-chemical parameters of milt from sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Appl Ichthyol 24(4):497–502. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01133.x
Ekici A, Baran A, Yamaner G, Özdaş ÖB, Sandal Aİ, Güven E, Baltacı MA (2012) Effects of different doses of taurine in the glucose-based extender during cryopreservation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) semen. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 26(4):3113–3115. https://doi.org/10.5504/BBEQ.2012.0041
FAO (2014) The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2014: opportunities and challenges. Rome. ISBN: 978-92-5-108275-1, 223
Gage MJG, Macfarlane CP, Yeates S, Ward RG, Searle JB, Parker GA (2004) Spermatozoal traits and sperm competition in Atlantic salmon: relative sperm velocity is the primary determinant of fertilization success. Curr Biol 14:44–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2003.12.028
Gjerde B (1984) Response to individual selection for age at sexual maturity in Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture 38(3):229–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(84)90147-9
Glogowski J, Kwasnik M, Piros B, Dabrowski K, Goryczko K, Dobosz S, Ciereszko A (2000) Characterization of rainbow trout milt collected with a catheter: semen parameters and cryopreservation success. Aquac Res 31(3):289–296. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00400.x
Harvey B, Carolsfeld J (1993) Induced breeding in tropical fish culture. IDRC, Canada
Inaba D, Nomura M, Suyama M (1958) Studies on the improvement of artificial propagation in trout culture, II. On the pH values of eggs, milt, coelomic fluid and others. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 23:762–765. https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.23.762
Izquierdo MS, Fernandez-Palacios H, Tacon AG (2001) Effect of broodstock nutrition on reproductive performance of fish. Aquaculture 197(1–4):25–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00581-6
Jobling S, Coey S, Whitmore JG, Kime DE et al (2002) Wild intersex roach (Rutilus rutilus) have reduced fertility. Biol Reprod 67:515–524. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod67.2.515
Kime DE, Van Look KJW, McAllister BG, Huyskens G, Rurangwa E, Ollevier F (2001) Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) as a tool for monitoring sperm quality in fish. Comp Biochem Physiol 130:425–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0456(01)00270-8
Kjørsvik E, Mangor Jensen A, Holmefjord T (1990) Egg quality in fishes. Adv Mar Biol 26:71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(08)60199-6
Lahnsteiner F, Berger B, Weismann T, Patzner RA (1998) Determination of semen quality of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, by sperm motility, seminal plasma parameters, and spermatozoal metabolism. Aquaculture 163(1):163–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00243-9
Lam TJ (1982) Application of endocrinology to fish culture. Can Fish Aquat Sci 39:111–137. https://doi.org/10.1139/f82-013
Lam TJ (1985) Induced spawning in fish. Reproduction and culture of milkfish. 22–24 April 1985, Oceanic Institute, Hawaii and Tungkang Marine Laboratory, Taiwan, 14–56
Morisawa M, Suzuki K (1980) Osmolality and potassium ion: their roles in initiation of sperm motility in teleosts. Science 210(4474):1145–1147. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7444445
Nomura M (1964) Studies on reproduction of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri with special reference to egg taking, VI. The activities of spermatozoa in different diluents and preservation of semen. Bull Jap Soc Sci Fish 30:723–733
Pankhurst NW, Purser GJ, Van Der Kraak G, Thomas PM, Forteath GNR (1996) Effect of holding temperature on ovulation, egg fertility, plasma levels of reproductive hormones and in vitro ovarian steroidogenesis in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 146:277–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01374-9
Pankhurst NW, Porter MJR (2004) Cold and dark or warm and light: variations on the theme of environmental control of reproduction. Fish Physiol Biochem 28:385–389. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:FISH.0000030602.51939.50
Robitaille PML, Mumford KG, Brown GG (1987) 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study of trout spermatozoa at rest, after motility, and during short-term storage. Biochem Cell Biol 65(5):474–485. https://doi.org/10.1139/o87-061
Rurangwa E, Volckaert FAM, Huyskens G, Kime DE, Ollevier F (2001) Quality control of refrigerated and cryopreserved semen using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), viable staining and standardized fertilisation in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Theriogenology 55:751–769. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00441-1
Rurangwa E, Biegniewska A, Slominska E, Skorkowski EF, Ollevier F (2002) Effect of tributyltin on adenylate content and enzyme activities of teleost sperm: a biochemical approach to study the mechanisms of toxicant reduced spermatozoa motility. Comp Biochem Physiol 131:335–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00019-4
Rurangwa E, Kime DE, Ollevier F, Nash JP (2004) The measurement of sperm motility and factors affecting sperm quality in cultured fish. Aquaculture 234(1):1–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Aquaculture2003.12.006
Şahin T, Köse Ö, Kurtoğlu İZ (2013) Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)‘nın spermatolojik özellikleri ve spermanın kısa süreli muhafazası. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 25(1):87–92
Samarin AM, Ahmadi MR, Azuma T, Rafiee GR, Amiri BM, Naghavi MR (2008) Influence of the time to egg stripping on eyeing and hatching rates in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss under cold temperatures. Aquaculture 278(1–4):195–198. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Aquaculture2008.03.034
Tekin N, Seçer S, Akçay E, Bozkurt Y, Kayam S (2007) Effects of glycerol additions on post-thaw fertility of frozen rainbow trout sperm, with an emphasis on interaction between extender and cryoprotectant. J Appl Ichthyol 23(1):60–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00792.x
TÜİK (2015) Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri, Volume: 21720, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=21720. Accessed 24 May 2017
Wagner E, Arndt R, Hilton B (2002) Physiological stress responses, egg survival and sperm motility for rainbow trout broodstock anesthetized with clove oil, tricaine methanesulfonate or carbon dioxide Aquaculture 211(1):353–366. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00878-X
Weber GM, Martin K, Kretzer J, Ma H, Dixon D (2016) Effects of incubation temperatures on embryonic and larval survival in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. J Appl Aquac 28(4):285–297
Woynarovich A, Hoitsy G, Moth-Poulsen T (2011) Small-scale rainbow trout farming. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Gökhan Tünçelli and Dr. Güneş Yamaner for their cordial help throughout the study. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for critically reading the manuscript and suggesting substantial improvements.
Funding
This work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University. Project number 24374.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Momin, M., Memiş, D. Sperm quality analysis of normal season (NG) and out-season by photoperiod manipulation (PG) of male rainbow trout broodstock (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiol Biochem 44, 1551–1560 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-018-0564-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-018-0564-3