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Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Outdoor Firefighting

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Abstract

The use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) by the fire service is becoming more common, especially for large outdoor fires where it is difficult to understand the state of the fire conditions or efficiently suppress the fire. The focus of this paper is to discuss the challenges that are currently faced in using UAS, which are limiting the broader application of these systems for use in large outdoor fire events. The paper provides an overview of UAS currently used today as well as some guides and standards that have been developed to support the use of UAS. Challenges for use of these systems are discussed based on technical hardware/software as well as operational details related to policy and training. These challenges highlight hurdles that need to be overcome by the community to support broader, more frequent use of UAS in the field.

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Acknowledgements

This paper was generated through the Large-Outdoor Fires and the Built Environment (LOF&BE) working group of the International Association for Fire Safety Science (IAFSS). X. Huang thanks the support from HK Research Grants Council (T22-505/19-N). Y. Levendis and M. Delichatsios acknowledge support by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Grant# GBMF9996. M. Delichatsios also acknowledges partial support from a Leverhulme Emeritus Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Virginia Tech, Mechanical Engineering, 635 Prices Fork Road, Goodwin Hall, Rm. 413D, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    Brian Y. Lattimer & Kevin Kochersberger

  2. Department Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

    Xinyan Huang

  3. College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Michael A. Delichatsios & Yiannis A. Levendis

  4. Reax Engineering, Berkeley, USA

    Samuel Manzello

  5. Mid Atlantic Aviation Partnership (MAAP), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA

    Peter Frank & Tombo Jones

  6. CATUAV, Moià, Spain

    Jordi Salvador & Conrad Delgado

  7. Geomatics Research Unit, Centre TecnològicTelecomunicacions Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Castelldefels, Spain

    Eduard Angelats & M. Eulàlia Parés

  8. Pau Costa Foundation, Av. Mossèn Cinto Verdaguer, 42 esc. A bxs 2a, Taradell, 08552, Spain

    David Martín

  9. US Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, Missoula, MT, USA

    Sara McAllister

  10. National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (NRIFD), Tokyo, Japan

    Sayaka Suzuki

  11. Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan

    Sayaka Suzuki

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  1. Brian Y. Lattimer
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Lattimer, B.Y., Huang, X., Delichatsios, M.A. et al. Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Outdoor Firefighting. Fire Technol 59, 2961–2988 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-023-01437-0

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