Abstract
Semi dwarfism in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is primarily governed by two loci, Rht-B1 and Rht-D1. Cultivars adapted to the soft red winter wheat growing region of southeastern USA are predominantly Rht-D1b genotypes but report no significant grain yield advantage over Rht-B1b semi dwarfing cultivars. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of allelic variation at Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 on plant height, grain yield and additional yield components in a doubled haploid population consisting of 35 semi dwarfs with Rht-B1b, 50 semi dwarfs with Rht-D1b, eight wild type lines, and two lines with dwarfing alleles at both loci. Rht loci significantly affected plant height, with double dwarfs shorter than both single gene semi dwarfs and wild types. Rht-D1b semi dwarfs were significantly shorter than their Rht-B1b counterparts. Rht loci also had a significant effect on grain yield, with Rht-D1b lines having higher mean grain yield (4.03 t ha−1) compared to Rht-B1b (3.83 t ha−1) and wild type (3.49 t ha−1) lines. A significant interaction between Rht loci and site-year was detected only for thousand kernel weight, indicating that the advantage of Rht-D1b over the other haplotypes was consistent across environments. Overall, their higher grain yield was due in part to higher thousand kernel weight that contributed to higher kernel weight spike−1 and likely influenced by a shorter stature. The results of this study will aid breeders in choice of semi dwarfing alleles for adaptation to the soft wheat growing region of the southern USA.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Addisu M, Snape JW, Simmonds JR, Gooding MJ (2010) Effects of reduced height (Rht) and photoperiod insensitivity (Ppd) alleles on yield of wheat in contrasting production systems. Euphytica 172:169–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-0025-2
Allan RE (1986) Agronomic comparisons among wheat lines nearly isogenic for three reduced-height genes 1. Crop Sci 26:707–710. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1986.0011183X002600040014x
Ashfaq M, Khan AS, Ali Z (2003) Association of morphological traits with grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Int J Agric Biol 5:262–264
Balut AL, Clark AJ, Brown-Guedira G, Souza E, Van Sanford DA (2013) Validation of Fhb1 and QFhs.nau-2DL in several soft red winter wheat populations. Crop Sci 53:934–945. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2012.09.0550
Blake N, Lanning S, Martin J, Doyle M, Sherman J, Naruoka Y, Talbert L (2009) Effect of variation for major growth habit genes on maturity and yield in five spring wheat populations. Crop Sci 49:1211–1220
Butler JD, Byrne PF, Mohammadi V, Chapman PL, Haley SD (2005) Agronomic performance of Rht alleles in a spring wheat population across a range of moisture levels. Crop Sci 45:939–947
Chapman S, Mathews K, Trethowan R, Singh R (2007) Relationships between height and yield in near-isogenic spring wheats that contrast for major reduced height genes. Euphytica 157:391–397
FAOSTAT (2017) Statistical data. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Flintham J, Börner A, Worland A, Gale M (1997) Optimizing wheat grain yield: effects of Rht (gibberellin-insensitive) dwarfing genes. J Agric Sci 128:11–25
Foulkes MJ, Slafer GA, Davies WJ, Berry PM, Sylvester-Bradley R, Martre P, Calderini DF, Griffiths S, Reynolds MP (2010) Raising yield potential of wheat. III. Optimizing partitioning to grain while maintaining lodging resistance. J Exp Bot 62:469–486
Gale MD, Youssefian S (1985) Dwarfing genes in wheat. Prog Plant Breed 1:1–35
Guedira M, Brown-Guedira G, Van Sanford D, Sneller C, Souza E, Marshall D (2010) Distribution of Rht genes in modern and historic winter wheat cultivars from the eastern and central USA. Crop Sci 50:1811–1822. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.10.0626
Hedden P (2003) The genes of the green revolution. Trends Genet 19:5–9
Kertesz Z, Flintham JE, Gale MD (1991) Effects of Rht dwarfing genes on wheat grain yield and its components under eastern European conditions. Cereal Res Commun 19:297–304
Knott D (1986) Effect of genes for photoperiodism, semidwarfism, and awns on agronomic characters in a wheat cross 1. Crop Sci 26:1158–1162
Kuchel H, Williams K, Langridge P, Eagles H, Jefferies S (2007) Genetic dissection of grain yield in bread wheat. I. QTL analysis. Theor Appl Genet 115:1029–1041
Lozada DN, Mason RE, Babar MA, Carver BF, Guedira G-B, Merrill K, Arguello MN, Acuna A, Vieira L, Holder A, Addison C, Moon DE, Miller RG, Dreisigacker S (2017) Association mapping reveals loci associated with multiple traits that affect grain yield and adaptation in soft winter wheat. Euphytica 213:222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-017-2005-2
Lumpkin TA (2015) How a gene from Japan revolutionized the world of wheat: CIMMYT’s quest for combining genes to mitigate threats to global food security. In: Ogihara Y, Takumi S, Handa H (eds) Advances in wheat genetics: from genome to field. Springer, Tokyo, pp 13–20
McKendry A, Tague D, Wright R, Tremain J (2007) Registration of ‘Bess’ wheat. J Plant Regist 1:21–23
McNeal F, Berg M, Stewart V, Baldridge D (1972) Agronomic response of three height classes of spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., compared at different yield levels 1. Agron J 64:362–364
Miralles D, Slafer G (1995) Yield, biomass and yield components in dwarf, semi-dwarf and tall isogenic lines of spring wheat under recommended and late sowing dates. Plant Breed 114:392–396
Murphy J, Navarro R, Leath S, Bowman D, Weisz P, Ambrose L, Pate M, Fountain M (2004) Registration of ‘NC-Neuse’ wheat. Crop Sci 44:1479–1481
Parry MA, Reynolds M, Salvucci ME, Raines C, Andralojc PJ, Zhu X-G, Price GD, Condon AG, Furbank RT (2010) Raising yield potential of wheat. II. Increasing photosynthetic capacity and efficiency. J Exp Bot 62:453–467
Peng J, Richards DE, Hartley NM, Murphy GP, Devos KM, Flintham JE, Beales J, Fish LJ, Worland AJ, Pelica F (1999) ‘Green revolution’ genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators. Nature 400:256–261
Petersen S, Lyerly JH, McKendry AL, Islam MS, Brown-Guedira G, Cowger C, Dong Y, Murphy JP (2016) Validation of Fusarium head blight resistance QTL in US winter wheat. Crop Sci 57:1–12
Rajaram S (1995) Wheat germplasm improvement: historical perspectives, philosophy, objectives, and missions. In: Rajaram S, Hettel GP (eds) Wheat breeding at CIMMYT: commemorating 50 years of research in Mexico for global wheat improvement. CIMMYT, Mexico, pp 1–10
Rebetzke G, Richards R (2000) Gibberellic acid-sensitive dwarfing genes reduce plant height to increase kernel number and grain yield of wheat. Crop Pasture Sci 51:235–246
Reynolds MP, Ortiz-Monasterio JI, McNab A (eds) (2001) Application of physiology in wheat breeding. CIMMYT, Mexico
Reynolds M, Foulkes MJ, Slafer GA, Berry P, Parry MA, Snape JW, Angus WJ (2009) Raising yield potential in wheat. J Exp Bot 60:1899–1918
Robbins AM (2009) Dwarfing genes in spring wheat: an agronomic comparison of Rht-B1, Rht-D1, and Rht8. Master of Science Dissertation, Montana State Univ., Bozeman Montana
Singh R, Huerta-Espino J, Rajaram S, Crossa J (2001) Grain yield and other traits of tall and dwarf isolines of modern bread and durum wheats. Euphytica 119:241–244
Trethowan RM, van Ginkel M, Rajaram S (2002) Progress in breeding wheat for yield and adaptation in global drought affected environments. Crop Sci 42:1441–1446
Wang J, Wang E, Yang X, Zhang F, Yin H (2012) Increased yield potential of wheat-maize cropping system in the North China plain by climate change adaptation. Clim Change 113:825–840
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by funding from the Arkansas Wheat Promotion Board, the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) of the US Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA) Grant 2012-67013-19436, and the AFRI Competitive Grants 2011-68002-30029 (Triticeae-CAP) and 2017-67007-25939 (Wheat-CAP) from the USDA-NIFA. Habibullah Hayat’s graduate studies at the University of Arkansas was supported by the Fulbright International Scholarship Program.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hayat, H., Mason, R.E., Lozada, D.N. et al. Effects of allelic variation at Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 on grain yield and agronomic traits of southern US soft red winter wheat. Euphytica 215, 172 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-019-2478-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-019-2478-2