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Greenhouse gas emissions and cost assessments of municipal solid waste treatment and final disposal in Maputo City

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Abstract

The goal in this study is to assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the costs of municipal solid waste treatment and final disposal alternatives, in Maputo City, capital of Mozambique. Three scenarios were considered: first, the current practice of open dumping; second, the sole usage of sanitary landfilling; and third, comprising material recovery through recycling and biological treatment by composting or anaerobic digestion, and the usage of sanitary landfilling. The highest GHG emissions were observed in the second scenario with a released amount of 260,621 t of CO2-eq/year, followed by the current scenario with 201,112 t of CO2-eq/year. Both variants of the third scenario showed negative net emissions of −296,008 t of CO2-eq/year and −223,925 t of CO2-eq/year, due to the combination of GHG avoiding alternatives such as composting and biogas production as well as recycling. The cost assessment pointed towards the second scenario being the highest cost-saving scenario, requiring less than US$ 1 million/year and the current scenario as the most cost-intensive scenario, requiring around US$ 27 million/year—with a contribution from the cost of inaction of US$ 24 million/year. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed by changing the waste compositing in relation to different income levels, which have verified the consistency of results. It also showed that with income increase in the future, GHG emissions will increase in the current and for the second scenario, while for the third scenario, the GHG emissions will reduce and the portion of recyclables will significantly increase.

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Notes

  1. GHG calculator for solid waste ver. II-2013. Available in http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/view.php?docid=4273.

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Acknowledgements

This study was conducted under the postgraduate scholarship programme for international students, offered by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (Grant No. 130783). We thank Dr Nirmala Menikpura, from the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, (IGES), for promptly providing the requested information, and for including Mozambique into the country list of the greenhouse gas estimation tool. The authors also acknowledge the valuable comments and improvement suggestions from the anonymous reviewers of the manuscript.

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  1. Laboratory of Environmental Management, Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Room 510, M3 Building, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka Prefecture, 565-0871, Japan

    Leticia Sarmento dos Muchangos, Akihiro Tokai & Atsuko Hanashima

  2. Department of Human Life and Environment, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito, Osaka, 574-8530, Japan

    Atsuko Hanashima

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  1. Leticia Sarmento dos Muchangos
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Correspondence to Leticia Sarmento dos Muchangos.

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dos Muchangos, L.S., Tokai, A. & Hanashima, A. Greenhouse gas emissions and cost assessments of municipal solid waste treatment and final disposal in Maputo City. Environ Dev Sustain 21, 145–163 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-0027-5

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