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Organophosphate pesticide residue impact on water quality and changes in macroinvertebrate community in an Afrotropical stream flowing through farmlands

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Abstract

River Chanchaga has experienced significant agricultural practices around its catchment, which involved the indiscriminate use of pesticides. However, residents of the study area are not well aware of the negative impact of pesticides on water quality and macroinvertebrates. In this study, the first report on the influence of organophosphate pesticide contamination on the abundance of the macroinvertebrate community was provided. Sampling for the determination of organophosphate pesticide residues was carried out during the peak of the two seasons, while macroinvertebrates and physicochemical variables were observed for 6 months. We examined 11 organophosphate pesticide residues using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, 12 water quality variables, and 625 macroinvertebrate individuals. The concentration of recorded organophosphate pesticide residues ranged from 0.01 to 0.52 μg/L. From the Canonical Correspondence Analysis plot, malathion, chlorine, and paraffin show a positive correlation with Unima sp., Hydrocanthus sp., Chironomus sp., and Potadoma sp. At station 3, depth shows a positive correlation with Biomphalaria sp. and Zyxomma sp., indicating poor water quality as most of these macroinvertebrates are indicators of water pollution. Diuron and carbofuran show a negative correlation with Lestes sp. and Pseudocloeon sp., and these are pollution-sensitive macroinvertebrates. The total mean concentration of organophosphate pesticide residues was above international drinking water standards set by the World Health Organization except for paraffin, chlorpyrifos, and diuron. In conclusion, the observations recorded from this research are useful in managing pesticide applications around the river catchment.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Francis Arimoro (co-author), Assie Fulbert, and Jacob James for their invaluable assistance and expertise in the identification process during this study. Their keen insight of taxonomy was instrumental in ensuring the accuracy of these findings. We are truly grateful for their generous support.

Funding

This work was supported by the African Water Resources Mobility Network (AWaRMN) in a scholarship given to the first author (614587-MOBAF-2019-1-1).

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  1. Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, P.M.B. 65, Nigeria

    Eunice O. Ikayaja & Francis O. Arimoro

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Eunice Ojoma Ikayaja and Francis Ofurum Arimoro: data curation; project administration; formal analysis; resources; software; validation; writing—review and editing. Eunice Ojoma Ikayaja: conceptualization; funding acquisition; investigation; methodology; roles/writing—original draft. Francis Ofurum Arimoro: supervision, visualization.

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Ikayaja, E.O., Arimoro, F.O. Organophosphate pesticide residue impact on water quality and changes in macroinvertebrate community in an Afrotropical stream flowing through farmlands. Environ Monit Assess 196, 489 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12659-2

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