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Typology and classification of water quality in an intermittent river in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate

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Abstract

The typology and classification of rivers are highly relevant concepts in the field of limnology and freshwater ecology. Water body typology systematically categorizes water bodies based on their natural attributes, while water body classification groups them based on specific criteria or purposes for management, regulatory, or administrative reasons. Both concepts play important roles in understanding and managing water resources effectively. This scientific article focuses on the ZAT River in Morocco as a model for studying low-flow and intermittent rivers. The objective is to develop an accurate model for the typology and classification of small, low-flow rivers into homogeneous classes based on natural and anthropogenic factors. The study also investigates the impact of human activities on altering the uniformity and reference nature of the water body. The typology of water bodies is carried out according to the European methodology specified in The European Commission’s Water Framework Directive (WFD) in 2000. The classification of water bodies is conducted by assessing their chemical and biological quality using the weighted index (WI), the Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Group (IBMWP) index, and multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) for confirming water quality assessment. The results indicate the possibility of dividing the basin into four water bodies. Water bodies show homogeneity in terms of chemical quality when human influence is minimal or during periods of high river flow. However, increased human influence and decreased river flows lead to heterogeneity in chemical quality, indicating an unstable state. This study is the first of its kind in arid and semi-arid intermittent rivers, where such an approach could be suggested to determine their typology and classification.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Tensift Hydraulic Basin Agency (THBA) for providing the data used in this work, and we also appreciate the Erasmus Project for providing the funding necessary to complete this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. EauBiodiCc Laboratory, Water, Biodiversity and Climate Changes, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd. Prince My Abdellah, B.P. 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco

    Abdelillah Bouriqi, Naaila Ouazzani, Hassan Benaissa & Rabia Benaddi

  2. PeGIRE Laboratory, RU FOCUS-Aquapôle, Liège University, Liège, Belgium

    Abdelillah Bouriqi & Jean-François Deliège

Authors
  1. Abdelillah Bouriqi
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  2. Naaila Ouazzani
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  3. Hassan Benaissa
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  4. Rabia Benaddi
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  5. Jean-François Deliège
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Contributions

Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, writing original draft: Abdelillah Bouriqi; Investigation, Visualization: Hassan Benaissa and Rabia Benaddi; Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, and Writing—Review & Editing: Jean-François Deliège; Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, and Writing—Review & Editing: Naaila Ouazzani. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Naaila Ouazzani.

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Bouriqi, A., Ouazzani, N., Benaissa, H. et al. Typology and classification of water quality in an intermittent river in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate. Environ Monit Assess 196, 381 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12514-4

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