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Spatial distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the seawater and sediment of Southeast coast of India

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Abstract

The spatial distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were analysed in the seawater and sediment samples collected from 27 locations along the Southeast coast of India. A first-time assessment was carried out on the distribution of TPH in both water and sediments for the entire coastline of Tamil Nadu. The concentration of TPH in seawater showed large spatial variation ranging from below detection level (BDL) to 47.5 μg/L and 0.01 to 53.12 μg/L in the surface and bottom waters, respectively. TPH levels exceeded the regulatory limits specified by FAO, China’s Marine Monitoring Standards and the European Community in the seawater samples of Thoothukudi harbour (S2 station). The results showed that seawaters of southern stations were comparatively more polluted with TPH. TPH values in sediment were between 2.33 and 30.07 μg/g, and their levels remained below the Marine Sediment Quality Standard (500 μg/g). The spatial profile of TPH in sediments were contrasting to that observed for seawater. Higher TPH values were observed in sediments of the northern region than southern. TPH contents are strongly correlated with clay (R2 = 0.776; P < 0.001) and silt (R2 = 0.648; P < 0.001); conversely, there is a significant negative correlation between TPH and sand (R2 = 0.753; P < 0.001). ANOVA analysis demonstrated a significant difference (F = 11.75; p < 0.01) between the TPH concentrations of water and sediments. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) was performed to determine the similarity among sampling stations that formed five crusted groups. Sediment along the southeast coast can be categorised as slightly polluted with respect to TPH as per the ATSDR standards.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India for implementing the project on “Marine Ecotoxicology” (MoES/EFC/28/2018-PC-II dated12/11/2018).

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The present manuscript bearing institute manuscript number MS361 is a NCCR contribution funded by Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India (MoES/EFC/28/2018- PC-II dated December 11, 2018).

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  1. Ministry of Earth Sciences, National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Government of India, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India

    S. Barath Kumar, M. Savurirajan, P. Raja, S. R. Marigoudar, K. V. Sharma & M. V. Ramana Murthy

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S. Barath Kumar: cruise sampling, collection and analysis of field samples, data analysis, interpretation and manuscript preparation. P. Raja and M. Savurirajan: participated in the cruise sampling. S.R. Marigoudar: coordination of sampling, interpretation of results and reviewing. K.V. Sharma: finalization, reviewing, and editing. M.V. Ramana Murthy: leading the project administration and funding.

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Barath Kumar, S., Savurirajan, M., Raja, P. et al. Spatial distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the seawater and sediment of Southeast coast of India. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1203 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11787-5

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