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A critical review on nanoplastics and its future perspectives in the marine environment

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Abstract

Nanoplastics (plastic particles smaller than 1 μm) are the least-known type of marine litter. Nanoplastics (NPs) have attracted much interest in recent years because of their prevalence in the environment and the potential harm they can cause to living organisms. This article focuses on understanding NPs and their fate in the marine environment. Sources of NPs have been identified, including accidental release from products or through nano-fragmentation of larger plastic debris. As NPs have a high surface area, they may retain harmful compounds. The presence of harmful additives in NPs poses unique practical challenges for studies on their toxicity. In this review, several methods specifically adapted for the physical and chemical characterization of NPs have been discussed. Furthermore, the review provides an overview of the translocation and absorption of NPs into organisms, along with an evaluation of the release of potential toxins from NPs. Further, we have provided an overview about the existing methods suggested for the possible degradation of these NPs. We conclude that the hazards of NPs are plausible but unknown, necessitating a thorough examination of NPs’ sources, fate, and effects to better mitigate and spread awareness about this emerging contaminant.

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Acknowledgements

All the authors greatly acknowledge the RUSA 2.0, MOE, Govt. of India and Tamilnadu State Council for Science and Technology (TNSCST) (C. No. TNSCST/STP/ES/01/VR/2018-2019) for providing the financial assistance and other necessary facilities.

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  1. Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India

    Vethanayaham Jebashalomi, Partheeban Emmanuel Charles & Rajendran Rajaram

  2. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, School of Marine Science, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India

    Paramasivam Sadayan

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Vethanayaham Jebashalomi and Rajaram Rajendran collected data and literature, analyzed the data, performed statistical analysis, wrote the paper, and did language editing. Partheeban Emmanuel Charles collected data and literature, performed statistical analysis, drew the figures, and performed language editing.

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Jebashalomi, V., Charles, P.E., Rajaram, R. et al. A critical review on nanoplastics and its future perspectives in the marine environment. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1186 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11701-z

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