Abstract
Economic development has rapidly progressed since the implementation of reform and opening up policies, posing significant challenges to sustainable development, especially to vegetation, which plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem service functions and promoting green low-carbon transformations. In this study, we estimated the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2020 using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The spatial and temporal changes in FVC were analyzed using gravity center migration analysis, trend analysis, and geographic detector, and the vegetation changes of different land use types were analyzed to reveal the internal driving mechanism of FVC changes. Our results indicate that vegetation cover in Shandong Province was in good condition during the period 2000 to 2020. The high vegetation cover classes dominated, and overall changes were relatively small, with the center of gravity of vegetation cover generally shifting towards the southwest. Land use type, soil type, population density, and GDP factors had the most significant impact on vegetation cover change in Shandong Province. The interaction of these factors enhanced the effect on vegetation cover change, with land use type and soil type having the highest degree of influence. The observational results of this study can provide data support for the policy makers to formulate new ecological restoration strategies, and the findings would help facilitate the sustainability management of regional ecosystem and natural resource planning.
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We would like to thank the editors and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions.
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This research was jointly supported by the MOE Layout Foundation of Humanities and Social Sciences, grant number 17YJAZH013; National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant numbers 42201077 and 42177453; Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, grant number ZR2021QD074; and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, grant number 2023M732105.
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Hao Dong wrote the main manuscript text and Mingshui Zhu and Wenxin Ji prepared Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10. Conceptualization, Jian Cui and Hao Dong. Methodology, Jian Cui. Formal analysis, Jian Cui. Data curation, Wenxin Ji. Writing original draft preparation, Hao Dong. Writing review and editing, Hao Dong and Jian Cui. Visualization, Hao Dong. Supervision, Yaohui Liu. Project administration, Yaohui Liu and Jian Cui. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Dong, H., Liu, Y., Cui, J. et al. Spatial and temporal variations of vegetation cover and its influencing factors in Shandong Province based on GEE. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1023 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11650-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11650-7