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An urban air quality assessment based on a meteorological perspective

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Abstract

An integrated approach to understanding all measured pollutants with multi-discipline in different time scales and understanding the mechanisms hidden under low air quality (AQ) conditions is essential for tackling potential air pollution issues. In this study, the air pollution of Sivas province was analyzed with meteorological and PM2.5 data over six years to assess the city’s AQ in terms of PM2.5 pollution and analyze the effect of meteorological factors on it. It was found that the winter period (January–February-November–December) of every year except 2019—which has missing data—is the period with the highest air pollution in the province. In addition, the days exceeding the daily PM2.5 limit values in 2016, 2017, 2020, and 2021 were also seen in the spring and summer months, which inclined the study to focus on additional pollutant sources such as long-range dust transport and road vehicles. The year 2017 has the highest values and was analyzed in detail. Pollution periods with the most increased episodes in 2018 were analyzed with the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) and Dust Regional Atmospheric Model (DREAM) models. As a result of the study, the average PM2.5 values in 2017 were 31.66 ± 19.2 µg/m3 and a correlation of −0.49 between temperature and PM2.5. As a result of model outputs, it was found that the inversion is intensely observed in the province, which is associated with an increase of PM2.5 during the episodes. Dust transport from northwestern Iraq and northeastern Syria is observed, especially on days with daily average PM2.5 values above 100 µg/m3. Additionally, planetary boundary layer (PBL) data analysis with PM pollution revealed a significant negative correlation (r = −0.61). Air pollutants, particularly PM2.5, were found to be higher during lower PBL levels.

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Availability of data and material

Study Area Data: Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT). (2023b). https://www.tuik.gov.tr/. Accessed on 17 January 2023. Meteorological Station Data: Turkish State Meteorology Service. PM2.5 Monitoring Data: The Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change developed two different AQ Monitoring Stations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change, Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) and Sivas Meteorology Directorate for providing AQ and meteorological data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sivas Directorate Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change, 58080, Sivas, Merkez, Türkiye

    İbrahim Kaya

  2. Climate and Marine Sciences, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye

    Hüseyin Özdemir, Özkan Çapraz & Alper Ünal

  3. Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Merkez, Sivas, Türkiye

    Eyüp Atmaca

  4. ARI Teknokent, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye

    Veysel Türkel

  5. Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Meteorological Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye

    Ali Deniz

  6. Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, Occupational Health and Safety Department, University of Health Sciences, 34668, Istanbul, Üsküdar, Türkiye

    Göksel Demir

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  1. İbrahim Kaya
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  2. Hüseyin Özdemir
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Contributions

İbrahim KAYA. Hüseyin ÖZDEMİR, and Özkan ÇAPRAZ wrote the main manuscript text. Alper ÜNAL, Eyüp ATMACA, and Göksel DEMİR prepared modeling applications. Ali DENİZ and Veysel TÜRKEL prepared statistical analysis, and all author reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to İbrahim Kaya.

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Kaya, İ., Özdemir, H., Çapraz, Ö. et al. An urban air quality assessment based on a meteorological perspective. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1021 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11643-6

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