Abstract
Seasonal changes of trace elements, nutrients, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and carbonate system parameters were evaluated over the largest deteriorating oyster reef in the Western Mississippi Sound using data collected during spring, summer, and winter of 2018, and summer of 2019. Higher concentrations of Pb (224%), Cu (211%), Zn (2400%), and Ca (240%) were observed during winter of 2018 compared to summer 2019. Phosphate and ammonia concentrations were higher (> 800%) during both summers of 2018 and 2019 than winter of 2018. Among the three distinct DOM components identified, two terrestrial humic-like components were more abundant during both spring (12% and 36%) and summer (11% and 33%) of 2018 than winter of 2018, implying a relatively lesser supply of humic-like components from terrestrial sources during winter. On the other hand, the protein-like component was more abundant during summer of 2019 compared to rest of the study period, suggesting a higher rate of autochthonous production during summer 2019. In addition, to their significant depth-wise variation, ocean acidification parameters including pH, pCO2, CO32−, and carbonate saturation states were all higher during both summers of 2018 and 2019. The measured variables such as trace elements, organic carbon, suspended particulates, and acidification parameters exhibited conservative mixing behavior against salinity. These observations have strong implications for the health of the oyster reefs, which provides ecologically important habitats and supports the economy of the Gulf Coast.
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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information file in the form of figures and tables. Additional information about the dataset or the dataset in a different format than what is presented in this article can be obtained from the corresponding author upon request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to Rusch Ragland, Ankita Katkar, and Jannatul Ferdush of the Department of Geosciences and David Young, Logan Renz, Cary Daniel McCraine, and Jonathan Harris of Geosystems Research Institute (GRI), Mississippi State University, for their assistance with sample collection from field sites. The authors are also thankful to Dr. Rinat Gabitov of the Department of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, and Dr. Najid Hussain of the Department of Geological Sciences, University of Delaware, for their valuable help in running the CO2SYS program.
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This project was paid for with federal funding from the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality and the Department of the Treasury under the Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012 (RESTORE Act).
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Highlights
• Water quality over the oyster reef is seasonally and hydrologically controlled.
• The trace elements were higher during spring and winter of 2018 than summer 2019.
• Three dissolved organic matter components were identified over the oyster reef.
• Significant seasonal change in carbonate system parameters was observed.
• The water over the oyster reef was above the saturation state of CaCO3 (> 1).
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Sankar, M.S., Dash, P., Lu, Y. et al. Seasonal changes of trace elements, nutrients, dissolved organic matter, and coastal acidification over the largest oyster reef in the Western Mississippi Sound, USA. Environ Monit Assess 195, 175 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10719-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10719-z