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Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality assessment in Ambagarh Chowki, Chhattisgarh, India

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Abstract

The current study was focused on hydrogeochemistry of Ambagarh chowki groundwater. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality for drinking and irrigation uses, hydrogeochemistry of groundwater. For this purpose, various physicochemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl−), fluoride (F−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3−), and sulfate (SO42−) were analyzed. The major dominating ions in groundwater was found as cation Ca2+  > Mg2+  > Na+  > K+ and as anions in order of HCO3−  > Cl−  > SO42−  > F−. The pH of sampled groundwater was ranged from neutral to alkaline in nature (7.0–8.8). Among, all-analyzed parameters in groundwater were safe for drinking purpose except few ions and bicarbonate content was also exceeding the permissible limit which was not suitable for drinking purpose. The potential health hazard element fluoride was varied from 0.1 to 2.2 mg/l and positively associated with the pH, Na+, and HCO3− content in groundwater. The drinking water quality index (WQI) was fluctuated between 12.22 and 185.56 and reported that most of the groundwater was suitable for drinking purpose except only one sample was unsuitable for drinking. Irrigation water quality assessment of the area was performed by evaluating as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), Kelly ratio (KR), magnesium hazard ratio (MHR), percent sodium (%Na), potential salinity (PS), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC). Whereas most of the groundwater were good and suitable for irrigation use excluding PI (3.70%), MHR (40.74%), RSC (22.22%) and PS (7.41%) were unsuitable for continuous irrigation. Hydrogeochemistry of groundwater evaluated with correlation, Piper, Gibbs, and other geochemical analysis. The Piper trilinear diagram reflects the Ca (Mg)-HCO3− type water was mainly contributed approximately 90% of entire sampled groundwater. The different ions in groundwater were originated from the rock water interaction through silicate and carbonate weathering of minerals.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the authorities of IGKV, Raipur (CG), for necessary support. BL thanks to the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, IGKV, Raipur. The authors are thankful to editor and reviewers for the closer look into the MS and suggestions to improve the MS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Bharat Lal

  2. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 492012, Chhattisgarh, India

    Satendra Singh Sengar & Ramanand Singh

  3. Department of Farm Forestry, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Ambikapur, 497001, Chhattisgarh, India

    Manoj Kumar Jhariya

  4. Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay College of Horticulture & Forestry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University, Pusa, Samastipur, 848125, Bihar, India

    Abhishek Raj

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  1. Bharat Lal
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  2. Satendra Singh Sengar
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  3. Ramanand Singh
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  4. Manoj Kumar Jhariya
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  5. Abhishek Raj
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Contributions

B. Lal: data collection, methodology, formal analysis, and writing. S. S. Sengar: conceptualization, supervision, validation. R. N. Singh: conceptualization, supervision, validation. M. K. J.: compilation, review and editing. A. Raj: drafting, literature and review

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Correspondence to Manoj Kumar Jhariya.

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Lal, B., Sengar, S.S., Singh, R. et al. Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality assessment in Ambagarh Chowki, Chhattisgarh, India. Environ Monit Assess 195, 43 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10650-3

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