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Assessment of mangrove cover dynamics and its health status in the Gulf of Khambhat, Western India, using high-resolution multi-temporal satellite data and Google Earth Engine

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Abstract

Anthropogenic activity is a major driving factor of greenhouse gas emission, leading to climate change worldwide. So, the best natural approach to lowering the carbon from the atmosphere is mangroves which have more potential to sequestrate carbon. But mangroves are under threat due to land use land cover change. This research has been carried out on the mangroves of Gulf of Khambhat, Gujarat, India, where anthropic activity is affecting the mangrove forest cover with spatiotemporal heterogeneity. In the present study, multi-temporal high-resolution satellite data AVNIR-2 (Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type-2) and LISS-4 (Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensors-4) were used for the demarcation of various land use/land cover class (LULC), and change analysis and assessment of mangroves health for the years 2009, 2014, and 2019. The impact of saltpan/aquaculture on mangroves growth and its health status has been calculated by various MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite data products such as gross primary productivity (GPP), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and leaf area index (LAI) in Google Earth Engine (GEE), and field-based method was also considered. This study suggests that there is a marginal increase (17.11 km2) in mangrove cover during the assessment period 2009–2019; on other side, 65.42 km2 was degraded also. However, increase in saltpan/aquaculture is imposing an adverse effect on mangroves’ basal area, plant density, and productivity. Change analysis also suggests a reduction in healthy mangrove area (from 25.20 to 2.84 km2), which will have an impact on ecosystem services.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work is a part of ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) funded project under NISAR (NASA ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) L&S band Airborne SAR Research Announcement to Dr. Rina Kumari (project ID: ECO-07). Dr. Rina Kumari expresses a sincere thanks to the Space Applications Centre (SAC), ISRO for providing fund and various research facilities for this study. Corresponding author also expresses sincere thanks to the Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar for providing research facilities. Mr. Jigarkumar B. Solanki expresses his gratitude for Junior Research Fellowship provided to him through in this project. The authors are thankful to the Google Earth Engine developers. The authors are thankful to the Forest Department, Govt. of Gujarat, India, for granting permission to conduct the work in the mangrove forest. The authors acknowledge all the members who supported during fieldwork.

Funding

This work is a part of ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) funded project under NISAR (NASA ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) L&S band Airborne SAR Research Announcement to Dr. Rina Kumari (project ID: ECO-07). Mr. Jigarkumar B. Solanki expresses his gratitude for Junior Research Fellowship provided to him through in this project.

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  1. School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

    Jigarkumar B. Solanki, Parul Maurya & Rina Kumari

  2. Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

    Nikhil Lele & Anup Kumar Das

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JBS: data interpretation and analysis, fieldwork, manuscript drafting. NL: participated in fieldwork, manuscript editing. AKD: manuscript editing, resources. PM: participated in fieldwork. RK: conceptualization, supervision, manuscript editing.

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Correspondence to Rina Kumari.

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Nikhil Lele, Anup Kumar Das, and Parul Maurya declare they have no financial interest. Dr. Rina Kumari has received research funding from the Space Application Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad. Jigarkumar B. Solanki received fellowship and travel support from the project.

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Solanki, J.B., Lele, N., Das, A.K. et al. Assessment of mangrove cover dynamics and its health status in the Gulf of Khambhat, Western India, using high-resolution multi-temporal satellite data and Google Earth Engine. Environ Monit Assess 194, 896 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10575-x

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