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Investigation of monthly residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediment samples from Kirikkale Kizilirmak River Basin

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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contain two or more benzene rings and are categorized as general environmentally harmful pollutants. PAHs occur because of various combustion and pyrolysis processes with different environmental and anthropogenic sources. The Kizilirmak River is one of the major important water sources used for drinking water and irrigation purposes in Turkey. There are important industrial facilities around the river and PAH pollution is important in terms of environmental health. This study was carried out to determine the residues of PAHs in water and sediment samples according to month and to identify the pollution sources. Thus, water and sediment samples were collected from five different stations in the Kirikkale basin of the Kizilirmak River every 15 days for a year. In this way, 120 water and 120 sediment samples were collected over a year and analyzed in terms of 16 priority PAHs according to the Environmental Protection Agency. The monthly average of the water and sediment samples was calculated. Analyses were carried out with high-performance liquid chromatography based on solid phase extraction. GC–MS was used for confirmation. Acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene were not found in the water samples. The total PAH levels in water and sediment were detected in the range of 0.04 to 1.545 μg/L and 43.15–386.115 μg/kg, respectively. PAHs found in water and sediment samples had pyrogenic and petrogenic origin and pollution changed significantly between autumn and winter. As a result, precautions should be taken in terms of preventing environmental pollution.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Ankara University Scientific Research Projects Directorate with project number 16L0239001. We are thankful for their support. We thank Associate Professor Özgür Kuzukıran and Professor Dr. Ayhan Filazi for their assistance with laboratory work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Environmental Health Program, Eldivan Vocational School of Health Services, Cankiri University, 18700, Cankiri, Turkey

    İlker Şimşek

  2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara University, 06110, Ankara, Turkey

    Ali Bilgili

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  1. İlker Şimşek
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  2. Ali Bilgili
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İS: conceptualization, methodology, material collection, investigation, performing analysis, writing; AB: conceptualization, methodology, and supervision.

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Correspondence to İlker Şimşek.

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Şimşek, İ., Bilgili, A. Investigation of monthly residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediment samples from Kirikkale Kizilirmak River Basin. Environ Monit Assess 194, 683 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10344-w

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