Abstract
The mass concentrations of PM2.5 were measured at a tropical megacity, Bengaluru, India, for the year 2015. The mean mass concentrations showed large fluctuations on day to day basis with values less than the Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standard (INAAQS) of 60 µg m−3. The observed annual mean mass concentration of 28 ± 11 µg m−3 is also within the INAAQS value of 40 µg m−3. The diurnal trend of PM2.5 concentration showed bimodal distribution, with the primary peak in the morning and the secondary one during the late evening hours. The timing of the peaks matched with rush traffic hours. Strong seasonality is observed in the diurnal concentration of PM2.5 with the highest value during winter (50 ± 22 µg m−3) and the lowest of (11 ± 5 µg m−3) in the monsoon. The weekend PM2.5 mass concentrations were less than those on the weekdays up to a maximum of 100%. The decrease in PM2.5 mass concentration was also observed on the day of the strike when many busses were off the road. Vehicular traffic is suggested as one of the primary contributors of PM2.5 in this region. The health risk assessment in this study, points to ischemic heart disease as the primary cause of PM2.5-induced death.
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Data that support the results of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) supports Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune. The authors sincerely express their thanks to Dr. R. Krishnan, Director, IITM and MoES for MAPAN air quality station at BMS College of Engineering, Bengaluru for the mutual benefit in academics and research. The contents and conclusions in this research paper are of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations they work. The authors from BMS College of Engineering sincerely express their thanks to the Principal, Professor S. Muralidhara.
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M., S., G, D., E., G.K. et al. Temporal variability of PM2.5 and its possible sources at the tropical megacity, Bengaluru, India. Environ Monit Assess 194, 532 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10235-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10235-0