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An integrated approach for prioritization of river water quality sampling points using modified Sanders, analytic network process, and hydrodynamic modeling

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Abstract

Determination of the water quality monitoring network (WQMN) is a vital stage for surveying ecosystem health. Studies have been done in determining the optimal number and location of sampling points, but seasonality of water quality, especially for heavy metals, has been rarely studied. For the first time, this study proposes a framework to determine the optimal location of sampling points to monitor lead (Pb). This study was conducted for the Karoun River, located in southwestern Iran. First, hydraulic characteristics of the river were simulated by implementing of MIKE11 software as well as water quality(variation of Pb concentration). Nash‑Sutcliffe coefficient were 0.91 and 0.91 for discharge calibration and validation, respectively. Second, 16 potential sampling points were proposed using modified Sanders’ approach considering seasonality. For a better accuracy in the WQMN layout and a more efficient site selection of sampling points, a 1-km buffer is stretched along the river for determining non-point source pollution sources and prioritizing candidate points. This leads to considering different land uses in the study area, while GIS software has been employed. Seasonal changes and land use have a significant impact on the location of optimal sampling points. The presented framework can be used to improve water quality and support watershed protection efforts.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate Dr. Hossein Babazadeh at Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University Tehran for his expert advice and encouragement throughout this project and Dr. Samane Abdoveys at Ahvaz Water utility Company for providing valuable data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch of Islamic, Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Asadi

  2. Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Alireza Moghaddam Nia & Bahram Bakhtiari Enayat

  3. Aquatic Ecodynamics, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Hossein Alilou

  4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, USA

    Ebrahim Ahmadisharaf

  5. Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Masinde Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya

    Edwin Kimutai Kanda

  6. Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya

    Emmanuel Chessum Kipkorir

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  1. Ali Asadi
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Correspondence to Alireza Moghaddam Nia.

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Asadi, A., Moghaddam Nia, A., Bakhtiari Enayat, B. et al. An integrated approach for prioritization of river water quality sampling points using modified Sanders, analytic network process, and hydrodynamic modeling. Environ Monit Assess 193, 482 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09272-y

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