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Acute toxicity assessment of produced water effluent stream on selected local organisms in Delta state, Nigeria

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This study evaluated toxicity level of produced water effluent on indigenous organisms in Delta state, Nigeria. Four test organisms, Vibrio fischeri, Palaemonetes africanus, Tympanosomas fuscatus, and Tilapia guineensis, were selected for toxicity assessment using effluent streams from treated produced water and water from the produced water recipient environment. Representative samples of treated produced water effluent were collected from the bulk header within the oil terminal and within the discharge environment. Acute toxicity tests were carried out using the Microtox® Model 500. The results of the acute toxicity tests on V. fischeri revealed that the average inhibitive concentration (IC50) for treated produced water at 5 min and 15 min was 22.20% and 31.17% and the no effect concentration (NOEC) and low effect concentration (LOEC) at 5 min and 15 min was 5.63% and 5.63%, respectively. In the recipient water, at 5 min and 15 min, IC50 estimate was of 33.57% and 47.02% while the NOEC and LOEC were 5.63% and 5.63%, respectively. The average IC50, NOEC, LOEC, toxicity unit-acute (TUa), toxicity unit-chronic (TUc), and toxicity factor (TF) toxicity values for P. africanus were 80.606%, 66.990%, and 73.13%; 1.24, 1.49, and 2066.82; 42.24%, 6.165%, and 11.936%; 2.37, 16.21, and 25.54 in treated and recipient water, respectively. In T. guineensis, average IC50, LOEC, NOEC, TUa, TUc, and TF were 4.86%, 1.786%, 1.059%, 20.60, 94.34, and 269.72 and 5.090%, 1.828%, 1.070%, 19.65, 93.46, and 282.78 for treated produced water and recipient environment, respectively. There was no mortality in T. fuscatus var radula exposed to both treated produced water and recipient water.

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Research data can be made available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to appreciate the Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka for providing the enabling environment for this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nugu State, Nsukka, Nigeria

    Moses Ngwoke, Ogbonnaya Igwe & Obinna Ozioko

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  1. Moses Ngwoke
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  2. Ogbonnaya Igwe
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  3. Obinna Ozioko
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Contributions

MN was instrumental in the research design and field work; he also analyzed and interpreted the Microtex toxicity result. OI supervised the research process and proofread the manuscript. OO compiled the research data and played a major role in writing the manuscript. The final manuscript was read and approved by the authors.

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Correspondence to Obinna Ozioko.

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Ngwoke, M., Igwe, O. & Ozioko, O. Acute toxicity assessment of produced water effluent stream on selected local organisms in Delta state, Nigeria. Environ Monit Assess 193, 254 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09032-y

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