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Risk assessment of trace metals in an extreme environment sediment: shallow, hypersaline, alkaline, and industrial Lake Acıgöl, Denizli, Turkey

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Abstract

The major and trace element component of 48 recent sediment samples in three distinct intervals (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) from Lake Acıgöl is described to present the current contamination levels and grift structure of detrital and evaporate mineral patterns of these sediments in this extreme saline environment. The spatial and vertical concentrations of major oxides were not uniform in the each subsurface interval. However, similar spatial distribution patterns were observed for some major element couples, due mainly to the detrital and evaporate origin of these elements. A sequential extraction procedure including five distinct steps was also performed to determine the different bonds of trace elements in the < 60-μ particulate size of recent sediments. Eleven trace elements (Ni, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Co, Cr, Al and Mn) in nine surface and subsurface sediment samples were analyzed with chemical partitioning procedures to determine the trace element percentage loads in these different sequential extraction phases. The obtained accuracy values via comparison of the bulk trace metal loads with the total loads of five extraction steps were satisfying for the Ni, Fe, Cd, Zn, and Co. While, bulk analysis results of the Cu, Ni, and V elements have good correlation with total organic matter, organic fraction of sequential extraction characterized by Cu, As, Cd, and Pb. Shallow Lake Acıgöl sediment is characteristic with two different redox layer a) oxic upper level sediments, where trace metals are mobilized, b) reduced subsurface level, where the trace metals are precipitated.

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBİTAK) project. Project head of this finished TUBITAK, CAYDAG-110Y255 project was Dr. Murat Budakoglu.

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  1. Geochemistry Research Group and JAL Laboratories, Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mines, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey

    Murat Budakoglu, Muhittin Karaman, Mustafa Kumral, Zeynep Doner, Demet Kiran Yildirim & Lokman Gumus

  2. National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey

    Bihter Zeytuncu

  3. Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pamukkale University, 20070, Denizli, Turkey

    Suat Taşdelen & Ali Bülbül

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  1. Murat Budakoglu
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Budakoglu, M., Karaman, M., Kumral, M. et al. Risk assessment of trace metals in an extreme environment sediment: shallow, hypersaline, alkaline, and industrial Lake Acıgöl, Denizli, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 190, 169 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6495-8

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