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Antioxidant responses in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa of eastern Slovakia: application of principal component analysis as a tool to identify metal contaminated areas

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Abstract

The soil of Slovak Republic is severely contaminated with heavy metals, creating hazards to soil health. In order to assess the current status with the prospect of selecting the appropriate treatment methods and land use, this investigation aimed to determine a panel of complementary and ecologically relevant biomarkers that reflect adverse biological responses towards terrestrial pollutants. To attain this objective, the concentration of reduced glutathione and enzymes of glutathione antioxidant system were assessed in clitellate earthworm, Aporrectodea caliginosa sampled from selected sites of eastern Slovakia along with the pH and total metal concentration (As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) of soils. Positive, significant (p < 0.05) induction of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase activities and depletion of reduced glutathione level (negative correlation) were associated with the increased soil metal concentrations. Metal interference was found in the detoxification process and antioxidant defense mechanism does not efficiently counteract the oxidative stress induced by chronic metal exposure. The tested biomarkers confirmed sensitive and affective response to the pollution of soil contaminants, in this case metals. This has a potential use in ecotoxicological field monitoring. The proposed principal component analysis is a multivariate model of data analysis that represents a cost-effective approach to differentiate metalliferous soils of eastern Slovakia with different health status.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Slovak Academic Information Agency, Slovakia, for financial support as a fellowship grant to SM, which enabled them to carry out the present investigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India

    Sulata Maity

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities & Natural Sciences, University of Presov, 17th November str. 1, 081 16, Presov, Slovak Republic

    Sulata Maity, Janka Poráčová, Vincent Sedlák & Marta Mydlárová Blaščáková

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Academy of Technology, Adisaptagram, Hooghly, West Bengal, 712121, India

    Partha Dey

  4. Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic

    Janka Vašková & Ladislav Vaško

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  1. Sulata Maity
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  2. Janka Poráčová
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Maity, S., Poráčová, J., Dey, P. et al. Antioxidant responses in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa of eastern Slovakia: application of principal component analysis as a tool to identify metal contaminated areas. Environ Monit Assess 190, 21 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6377-5

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