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Endocrine disruption in Sphoeroides testudineus tissues and sediments highlights contamination in a northeastern Brazilian estuary

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Abstract

In recent decades, considerable attention has been devoted to endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDC) and studies on fish feminization have increased throughout the years as a key signal for aquatic environmental contamination. The input of domestic sewage into water reservoirs is common in South American countries, especially in cities that experienced rapid population growths and unplanned urbanization. This study aimed at characterizing morphofunctional parameters of the tropical fish Sphoeroides testudineus and investigating the potential occurrence and effects of endocrine disruptors in the Pacoti River (Ceará, Brazil), often considered a reference site. After collection from the field, fish were measure/weighted and desiccated for gender identification (males, females, and undifferentiated), gonadal histology, and vitellogenin expression. From the biometric analysis, undifferentiated fish showed lower weight and length than female and male fish, although no differences in the condition index were observed. The gonadal weight of undifferentiated fish was significantly lower than those of females and males. Although this pattern was observed, gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed a different pattern, with differences being observed just between males and the other two groups (females and undifferentiated). Vitellogenin (VTG) expression was detected in many mature male and undifferentiated fish, indicating endocrine disruption. In addition, several EDCs (estrone, 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, and estriol) were identified and quantified in sediments from the sampling site. These results were unexpected and indicative that the Pacoti River is impaired by estrogenic contamination.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge all colleagues of Marine Ecotoxicology Laboratory (LABOMAR/UFC) for their support in this project and also to Lucas Brito, Diego Veras, and Nel (fisherman) for their support during sampling. We are also thankful to Rodrigo Maggioni for the permission to use the CEDECAM structure and especially grateful to Daniele Dietrich Moura Costa (UFPR) for the generous cession of the vitellogenin-rich Rhamdia quelen plasma. The study was financially supported by grants from Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FUNCAP), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Susana Loureiro has a fellowship from the program “Science Without Borders” from CAPES (Project # 106/2013).

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  1. Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Marinha, Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60125-120, Brazil

    Marcionília Fernandes Pimentel, Évila Pinheiro Damasceno & Letícia Veras Costa Lotufo

  2. Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama, 89, Santos, São Paulo, 11030-180, Brazil

    Paula Christine Jimenez

  3. Centro de diagnóstico de enfermidades de organismos aquáticos - CEDECAM, Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60125-120, Brazil

    Pedro Filipe Ribeiro Araújo

  4. Laboratório de Avaliação de Contaminantes Orgânicos - LACOr, Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60125-120, Brazil

    Marcielly Freitas Bezerra, Pollyana Cristina Vasconcelos de Morais & Rivelino Martins Cavalcante

  5. Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Susana Loureiro

  6. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1524, Predio Biomedicas I, sala 213, Cidade Universitaria, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil

    Letícia Veras Costa Lotufo

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  1. Marcionília Fernandes Pimentel
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  2. Évila Pinheiro Damasceno
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  3. Paula Christine Jimenez
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  9. Letícia Veras Costa Lotufo
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Pimentel, M.F., Damasceno, É.P., Jimenez, P.C. et al. Endocrine disruption in Sphoeroides testudineus tissues and sediments highlights contamination in a northeastern Brazilian estuary. Environ Monit Assess 188, 298 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5300-9

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