Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Magnetic particulate matters in the ashes of few commonly used Indian cigarettes

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Physical aspects of tobacco samples, used in some commonly available Indian brands of cigarettes, with emphasis on their magnetic characterization before and after they get burnt into ashes, are described. The present work highlights the ultrafine nature of the cigarette ashes and provides a compositional insight of their constituent particulate matters as revealed by the XRD and SEM studies. Based on the EDX spectra, elemental distributions of different tobacco samples, before and after they get burnt, are presented. In this work, magnetic measurements of the un-burnt tobacco samples are reported. An attempt is made to shed light on the origin of magnetism observed in these samples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baliga, V. L., Miser, D. E., Sharma, R. K., Thurston, M. E., Chan, W. G., & Hajaligol, M. R. (2003). Physical characterization of the cigarette coal, part 1 smolder burn. Journal of Analytical Applied Pyrolysis, 68–69, 443–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baliga, V., Sharma, R. K., Miser, D. E., McGrath, T., & Hajaligol, M. R. (2004). Journal of Analytical Applied Pyrolysis, 66, 191–215.

  • Bhattacharjee, A., Mandal, H., Roy, M., Kusz, J., & Hofmeister, W. (2011). Microstructural and magnetic characterization of fly ash from Kolaghat Thermal Power Plant in West Bengal, India. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 323, 3007–3012.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brook, R. D., Franklin, B., Cascio, W., Hong, Y., Howard, G., Lipsett, M., Luepker, R., Mittleman, M., Samet, J., Smith, S. C., Jr., & Tager, I. (2004). Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the expert panel on population and prevention science of the American Heart Association. Circulation, 109, 2655–2671.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cador, O., Caneschi, A., Rovai, D., Sangregorio, C., Sessoli, R., & Sorace, L. (2008). From multidomain particles to organic radicals: the multifaceted magnetic properties of tobacco and cigarette ash. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 361, 3882–3886.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cullity B D: 1956 Elements of x-ray diffraction (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA) p.99.

  • Dunlop, D., & Ozdemir, O. (1997). Rock magnetism fundamentals and frontiers. In D. Edwards (Ed.), Cambridge studies in magnetism (p. pp 573). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flanders, P. J. (1994). Collection, measurement and analysis of airborne magnetic particulates from pollution in the environment. Journal of Applied Physics, 75, 5931–5936.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gajdardziska-Josifovska, M., McClean, R. G., Schofield, M. A., Sommer, C. V., & Kean, W. F. (2001). Discovery of nanocrystalline botanical magnetite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 13, 863–870.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goddu, R. S., Appel, E., Jordanova, D., & Wehland, F. (2004). Magnetic properties of road dust from Visakhapatnam (India)—relationship to industrial pollution and road traffic. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/B/C, 29, 985–995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hay, K. L., Dearing, J. A., Baban, S. M. J., & Loveland, P. (1997). A preliminary attempt to identify atmospherically-derived pollution particles in English topsoils from magnetic susceptibility measurements. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 22, 207–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, A., Jones, J., & Oldfield, F. (1984). Magnetic measurements and heavy metals in atmospheric particles of anthropogenic origin. The Science of the Total Environment, 33, 129–139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jordanova, N., Jordanova, D., Veneva, L., Yorova, K., & Petrovsky, E. (2003). Magnetic response of soils and vegetation to heavy metal pollution—a case study. Environmental Science and Technology, 37, 4417–4424.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jordanova, N., Jordanova, D., Henry, B., Le Goff, M., Dimov, D., & Tsachev, T. (2006). Magnetism of cigarette ashes. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 301, 50–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilcoyne, S. H., Bentley, P. M., Thongbai, P., Gordon, D. C., & Goodman, B. A. (2000). The application of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy in the investigation of iron uptake and translocation in plants. Nuclear Instruments and Methods B, 160, 157–166.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kittel, C. (1976). Introduction to solid state physics, 5th edn. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, P., Miser, D. E., Rabiei, S., Yadav, R. T., & Hajaligol, M. R. (2003). The removal of carbon monoxide by iron oxide nanoparticles. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 43, 151–162.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matzka, J., & Maher, B. (1999). Magnetic biomonitoring of road side tree leave, identification of spatial and temporal variations in vehicle-derived particulates. Atmospheric Environment, 33, 4565–4569.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McClean, R. G., Schofield, M. A., Kean, W. F., Sommer, C. V., Robertson, D. P., Toth, D., & Gajdardziska-Josifovska, M. (2001). Botanical iron minerals: correlation between nanocrystal structure and modes of biological self-assembly. European Journal of Mineralogy, 13, 1235–1242.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miser, D. E., Baliga, V. L., Sharma, R. K., & Hajaligol, M. R. (2003). Microstructure of tobacco chars and the origin of associated graphite as determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Journal of Analytical Applied Pyrolysis, 68–69, 425–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miser, D. E., Shin, E. J., Hajaligol, M., & Rasouli, F. (2004). HRTEM characterization of phase changes and the occurrence of maghemite during catalysis by an iron oxide. Applied Catalysis A: General, 258, 7–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moon, S. J., In-Bo, S., & Kim, C. S. (2006). Crystallographic and magnetic properties of KFeO2. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 42, 2879–2881.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murad, E., & Wagner, U. (1998). Clays and clay minerals: the firing process. Hyperfine Interaction, 117, 337–356.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muxworthy, A. R., Schmidbauer, E., & Petersen, N. (2002). Magnetic properties and Mössbauer spectra of urban atmospheric particulate matter: a case study from Munich, Germany. Geophysical Journal International, 150, 558–570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nel, A. (2005). Air pollution-related illness: effects of particles. Science, 308, 804–806.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nemmar, A., Hoet, P. H. M., Vanquickenborne, B., Dinsdale, D., Thomeer, M., Hoylaerts, M. F., Vanbilloen, H., Mortelmans, L., & Nemery, B. (2002). Passage of inhaled particles into the blood circulation in humans. Circulation, 105, 411–414.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, A. L. (1939a). The diffraction of x-rays by small crystalline particles. Physics Reviews, 56, 972–977.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, A. L. (1939b). The Scherrer formula for x-ray particle size determination. Physics Reviews, 56, 978–982.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrovsky, E., & Elwood, B. (1997). Quaternary climates environments and magnetism (pp. 279–322). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinlan, G. J., Evans, T. W., & Guteridge, J. M. (2002). Iron and the redox status of the lungs. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 33, 1306–1313.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samet, J. M., Dominici, F., Curriero, F. C., Coursac, I., & Zeger, S. L. (2000). Fine particulate and air pollution and mortality in 20 U.S. cities. The New England Journal of Medicine, 343, 1742–1749.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satpati B, Bhattacherjee, A, Roy M: 2013 Synthesis of nano-crystalline materials in open-air laboratory: a case study of Tobacco. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. (in press)

  • Shu, J., Dearing, J. A., Morse, A. P., Yu, L., & Yuan, N. (2001). Determining the sources of atmospheric particles in Shanghai, China, from magnetic and geochemical properties. Atmospheric Environment, 35, 615–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, R., & Oldfield, F. (1986). In R. Thompson (Ed.), Environmental magnetism. Winchester: Allen & Unwin.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tomkowicz, Z., & Szytuła, A. (1977). Crystal and magnetic structure of KFeO2. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 38, 1117–1123.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dam, R. L., Harrison, J. B. J., Hirschfeld, D. A., Li, T. M. M. Y., & North, R. E. (2008). Mineralogy and magnetic properties of basaltic substrate soils: Kaho’olawe and Big Island Hawaii. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 72, 244–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vansuyt, G., Mench, M., & Briat, J. F. (2000). Soil-dependent variability of leaf iron accumulation in transgenic tobacco over expressing ferritin. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 38, 499–506.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veranth, J. M., Gelein, R., & Oberdörster, G. (2003). Vaporization–condensation generation of ultrafine hydrocarbon particulate matter for inhalation toxicology studies. Aerosol Science and Technology, 37, 603–609.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wahlin, P., Berkowicz, R., & Palmgren, F. (2006). Characterization of traffic-generated particulate matter in Copenhagen. Atmospheric Environment, 40, 2151–2159.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, W., & Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. (2003). Measurement of trace metals in tobacco and cigarette ash by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Journal of Chemical Education, 80, 83–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WHO: 2006 Tobacco: deadly in any form or disguise. List of tobacco additives permitted in the UK in March 2000: 2000 Extract from the official Department of Health documentation.

Download references

Acknowledgement

AB is grateful to Prof. Dr. P. Gütlich of Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany. Authors thankfully acknowledge Mr. Souvik Banerjee of SINP, Kolkata for his assistance during SEM measurement.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India

    Ashis Bhattacharjee & Haradhan Mandal

  2. Surface Physics and Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India

    Madhusudan Roy

  3. Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

    Joachim Kusz

  4. Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia, Chorzów, Poland

    Maciej Zubko

Authors
  1. Ashis Bhattacharjee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Haradhan Mandal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Madhusudan Roy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Joachim Kusz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Maciej Zubko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ashis Bhattacharjee.

Additional information

Conversion of CGS to SI units—emu cm3 = 103A m−1, Oe = (103/4π) A m−1, emu gm−1 = A m2 kg−1

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bhattacharjee, A., Mandal, H., Roy, M. et al. Magnetic particulate matters in the ashes of few commonly used Indian cigarettes. Environ Monit Assess 186, 7399–7411 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3936-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3936-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation