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Basal stem rot of oil palm incited by Ganoderma species: A review

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Abstract

Oil palm infectious diseases have devastating economic implications for the Southeast Asian nations of Indonesia and Malaysia. Therefore, this paper reviews oil palm growth, related diseases, specifically Ganoderma sp. infection, and control methods. The literature was sourced from Scopus using the following keywords: Oil palm, palm oil, Ganoderma boninense, Ganoderma, Elaeis, basal stem rot, Elaies guineensis, fungi, Arecaceae, and microbiology. The majority (73.1%) of infection control methods focused on biological methods such as biological control agents (BCA), metabolites from BCAs, and the development of resistant oil palm varieties. The second most frequent subject included chemical control methods such as fungicides and fertilisers (25.6%), and only one study (1.3%) focused on a mechanical (cultural) control method (pulverisation). Trichoderma spp. were the most frequently studied BCA. Other BCAs included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, endophytes of oil palm, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Streptomyces, Hymenomycetes, Burkholderia cepacian, and Schizophyllum commune. Currently, there is no effective method to combat G. boninense infection. The reviewed biological, chemical, and mechanical control methods are available to the industry, leaving scope for future studies.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for providing a research grant under RU-Grant Faculty Program- Universiti Malaya (GPF084A: GPF084B – 2020) to Dr. Wan-Mohtar and Dr. Rejab.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Sugenendran Supramani & Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar

  2. School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, Mahsa University, 42610, Kuala Langat, Malaysia

    Sugenendran Supramani

  3. Programme of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Nur Ardiyana Rejab

  4. Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Nur Ardiyana Rejab

  5. Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Serdang, Malaysia

    Zul Ilham & Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar

  6. Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Zul Ilham

  7. Bioscience Research Institute, Technical University Shannon Midlands Midwest, N37 HD68, Athlone, Ireland

    Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar

  8. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 339 9301, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa

    Soumya Ghosh

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  1. Sugenendran Supramani
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  2. Nur Ardiyana Rejab
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Correspondence to Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar.

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Supramani, S., Rejab, N.A., Ilham, Z. et al. Basal stem rot of oil palm incited by Ganoderma species: A review. Eur J Plant Pathol 164, 1–20 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-022-02546-2

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