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Standard area diagram set for assessment of severity and temporal progress of apple blotch

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Abstract

Apple blotch (Marssonina coronaria) is a foliar disease of increasing importance globally. Methods to quantify the disease and knowledge about epidemiology are required for new studies on the disease. The objectives of this study were to develop a standard area diagram set (SADs) to assess apple blotch severity and to describe the temporal progress of the disease under field conditions on older and younger leaves of two apple cultivars. For the development of SADs, symptomatic leaves were collected and scanned to obtain the actual severity. Based on the pattern of the disease, a SADs was elaborated and validated. Leaf severities were estimated without and with SADs by 12 raters to validate the tool. After validation, the SADs was used to assess apple blotch in older and younger leaves of selected shoots during the vegetative cycle of cvs. Eva and Gala. SADs severities ranged from 0.2 to 96%. Accuracy, precision, and reliability of the estimates were significantly improved when the SADs was used. In the field, the onset of apple blotch was in late spring and greater increases in severity occurred during summer. Rates of disease progress ranged from 0.09 to 0.13. Epidemics were different in older and younger leaves at the end of the apple vegetative cycle for both cultivars tested. Our work provided a tool for apple blotch quantification and described the disease progress curve under subtropical conditions, which can contribute as basis for future studies.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financed in part by the ‘Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil’ (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. The fourth and fifth authors thanks the ‘Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico’ (CNPq)/Brazil for the research fellowship.

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  1. Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade, UFPR, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, Brazil

    Camilla Castellar, Felipe Jauch, Rafaele Regina Moreira, Henrique da Silva Silveira Duarte & Louise Larissa May De Mio

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  1. Camilla Castellar
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  2. Felipe Jauch
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Correspondence to Louise Larissa May De Mio.

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Castellar, C., Jauch, F., Moreira, R.R. et al. Standard area diagram set for assessment of severity and temporal progress of apple blotch. Eur J Plant Pathol 160, 599–609 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-021-02268-x

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