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Reduction of deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination by improved fungicide use in wheat. Part 1. Dependence on epidemic severity and resistance level in small plot tests with artificial inoculation.

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Abstract

Fungicide control of FHB of wheat generally has poor efficacy and mostly susceptible cultivars are grown. Therefore, the toxin risk is high. We developed a more efficient control by combining an improved resistance with a more precise evaluation of fungicides. Small plot tests (5m2), along with artificial inoculation were used. Visual head symptoms (FHB), kernel infection (FDK) and DON content were evaluated (2009–2012). Fungicide treatments were preventive at the full flowering stage with four isolates of F. graminearum and F. culmorum. The best fungicide decreased DON by 75% (variation between the four years: 60–93%), the least effective gave a 44% reduction (variation: 30–59%). From medium to very high epidemic severity, smaller differences were observed in reduction (64–68%), but the best reduction was seen at medium disease pressure. The medium susceptible GK Békés reduced DON from 5.86 mg/kg to 2.36–3.46 mg/kg for the fungicides used. The medium resistant GK-Fény varied for fungicides between 0.86–2.58 mg/kg, UTC: 3.90 mg/kg), the most susceptible GK-Kalász gave 1.07–5.32 mg/kg for fungicides (UTC: 10.01 mg/kg). The cumulative effect of fungicide/variety had a 91% reduction across years. The high reduction is not enough the DON content should also be lower than the 1.25 mg/kg limit. Correlations between traits for fungicides were between r = 0.98–0.99 (p < 0.001), and DON gave the most reliable results. Beside fungicide efficacy, varietal resistance is an important component of effective control of FHB in the field. Susceptible cultivars should be withdrawn from production, but cultivars such as GK Fény can be grown without any serious food safety risk with a single preventive treatment. The fieldwork will be outlined in Part 2.

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Abbreviations

DON:

deoxynivalenol

FHB:

Fusarium head blight

FDK:

Fusarium-damaged kernel

IPM:

integrated plant management

FC:

fluzilazole 125 + carbendazim 250

CPC:

Ciproconazole 50 + propioconazole 62.5 + chloronitrile 375

PT:

prothioconazole125 + tebuconazole 125

M:

Metconazole 90

TET:

Tetraconazole 125

T133:

tebuconazole 167 + spiroxamine 250+ triadimenol 43

T250:

tebuconazole 250

EKF:

epoxyconazole 83 + kresoxym-methyl 83 + fenpropimorf 317

F.g.:

Fusarium graminearum

F.c.:

F. culmorum

UTC:

untreated control

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Acknowledgements

The research was conducted with the financial support of the MycoRed FP7 (KBBE-2007-2-5-05) and GOP-1.1.1-11-2012-0159 projects (supported by Hungarian and EU grants).The Authors are thankful to Dr. Mátyás Cserháti for the suggestions and help improving the English of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary

    Á. Mesterházy, C. Kótai, K. Ács & S. Lehoczki-Krsjak

  2. NAIK-NOKO, Szeged, Hungary

    M. Varga & B. Tóth

  3. Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

    T. Bartók & A. Véha

  4. Department of Microbiology, Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary

    C. Vágvölgyi

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  1. Á. Mesterházy
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Correspondence to Á. Mesterházy.

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Mesterházy, Á., Varga, M., Tóth, B. et al. Reduction of deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination by improved fungicide use in wheat. Part 1. Dependence on epidemic severity and resistance level in small plot tests with artificial inoculation.. Eur J Plant Pathol 151, 39–55 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-017-1350-2

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