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A high virulence and pathotype diversity of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici at its centre of diversity, the Himalayan region of Pakistan

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Abstract

Information on the pathogen virulence profile and diversity across locations is crucial for host germplasm improvement and deployment. The rapid acquisition of virulence to host resistance by the wheat yellow/stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici: PST), makes it crucial to know about its virulence and pathotype diversity. Recent studies have shown the plausible centre of origin of the pathogen in the Himalayan region, with Pakistan being the most ancestral to all other worldwide populations. To assess the status of virulence and pathotype diversity in the Himalayan region of Pakistan, a set of 127 PST infected wheat samples from eight locations were collected, multiplied and pathotyped using a set of 36 differential lines from the world set, European and Chinese sets, and 9 Avocet Yr isolines. Virulence (Vr) was recorded to 18 out of 24 tested yellow rust resistance (Yr) genes, while a total of 53 pathotypes were detected out of 127 isolates tested. Virulence was found to the resistance genes rarely deployed in Pakistan (Vr8) or even worldwide level (Vr5), while virulence to Vilmorin 23 (Yr3+) was absent in Pakistan, which is common in Europe. None of the pathotypes was dominant across all locations, however, no clear spatial structuring was observed for the studied locations. Our results suggested a high virulence and pathotype diversity in line with the previously proposed potential role of sexual recombination in the temporal maintenance of PST in the Himalayan region of Pakistan. This information should be useful in host resistance gene improvement and deployment.

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Acknowledgments

We are thankful to our colleagues from Pakistan for their facilitation during sampling, particularly, Muhammad Sartaj (NTRI, Mansehra, Pakistan), Muhammad Latif (ARS, Mansehra, Pakistan) and Abdul Hakim Khan (ARS, Mansehra, Pakistan). We are profoundly grateful to Laurent Gérard for his remarkable contribution to spore multiplication and pathotyping work in confined high security greenhouse. We are thankful to Nathalie Galet and Nicolas Lecutier for technical assistance. The present work was supported by the European Integrated Project BIOEXPLOIT, FOOD-CT-2005-513959 and the French project EMERFUNDIS, ANR 07-BDIV-003. Sajid Ali was financed by a grant from the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan and partially by the above mentioned projects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA UR 1290 BIOGER-CPP, BP01, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France

    Sajid Ali, Marc Leconte & Claude de Vallavieille-Pope

  2. Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Sajid Ali

  3. Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark

    Sajid Ali

  4. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Hidayatur Rahman & Muhammad Shahab Saqib

  5. UMR 8079 Ecologie Systematique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-F, 91405, Orsay, France

    Pierre Gladieux

  6. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA

    Pierre Gladieux

  7. INRA UMR 320 Génétique Végétale, Ferme du Moulon, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France

    Jérôme Enjalbert

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  1. Sajid Ali
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  2. Marc Leconte
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  4. Muhammad Shahab Saqib
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Correspondence to Sajid Ali.

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SA, HR and MSS carried out field assessment and yellow rust sampling. SA, ML and CP did the spore multiplication and pathotyping. SA, PG, CP and JE prepared the manuscript. SA, JE, and CP conceived and designed the study. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Ali, S., Leconte, M., Rahman, H. et al. A high virulence and pathotype diversity of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici at its centre of diversity, the Himalayan region of Pakistan. Eur J Plant Pathol 140, 275–290 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0461-2

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