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Environment factors, DNA methylation, and cancer

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Abstract

Today, the rapid development of science and technology and the rapid change in economy and society are changing the way of life of human beings and affecting the natural, living, working, and internal environment on which human beings depend. At the same time, the global incidence of cancer has increased significantly yearly, and cancer has become the number one killer that threatens human health. Studies have shown that diet, living habits, residential environment, mental and psychological factors, intestinal flora, genetics, social factors, and viral and non-viral infections are closely related to human cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of the environment and cancer development remain to be further explored. In recent years, DNA methylation has become a key hub and bridge for environmental and cancer research. Some environmental factors can alter the hyper/hypomethylation of human cancer suppressor gene promoters, proto-oncogene promoters, and the whole genome, causing low/high expression or gene mutation of related genes, thereby exerting oncogenic or anticancer effects. It is expected to develop early warning markers of cancer environment based on DNA methylation, thereby providing new methods for early detection of cancers, diagnosis, and targeted therapy. This review systematically expounds on the internal mechanism of environmental factors affecting cancer by changing DNA methylation, aiming to help establish the concept of cancer prevention and improve people's health.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [lzujbky-2022-sp08]; Project of Gansu Provincial Department of Education [2021jyjbgs-02]; Project of Gansu Provincial Development and Reform Commission [2020–2022]; Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province [20zd7fa003]; Medical Innovation and Development Project of Lanzhou University [lzuyxcx-2022–154, lzuyxcx-2022–141].

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  1. Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lan Zhou, China

    Jie Liu, Binjie Huang, Feifei Ding & Yumin Li

  2. Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lan Zhou, China

    Jie Liu, Binjie Huang, Feifei Ding & Yumin Li

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. J. L. performed data collection, literature collection, and manuscript writing. B. H. and F. D. participated in the investigation and revision. Y. L. designed, supervised, and guided this study. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

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Liu, J., Huang, B., Ding, F. et al. Environment factors, DNA methylation, and cancer. Environ Geochem Health 45, 7543–7568 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01749-8

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