Abstract
The upstream basin of Hanjiang River is an important water source for the middle route of China’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The quality of water and soil in the Hanjiang River have enormous biological and environmental impacts, and resistant genetic contamination has emerged, but only few studies are concerned the correlation between heavy metals and metal resistance genes (MRGs). In this study, 8 antibiotics and 19 heavy metals were analyzed, the results showed that the highest antibiotic content was tetracycline, with mean concentrations of 43.201 µg/kg and 0.022 µg/L. Mn was the highest heavy metal in soil with a content of 1408.284 µg/kg, and in water was Zn with a content of 10.611 µg/L. We found that the most abundant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs) in the study area were bacA and arsT genes, coding for resistance mechanisms to bacitracin and arsenic, respectively. The data showed that heavy metals had a greater impact on antibiotic resistance genes than antibiotics, and the correlation between resistance genes was significantly positive. This work expands our understanding of the correlations of antibiotics, heavy metals, and resistance genes in the Hanjiang River, indicating that more attention should be paid to the effects of resistance genes and the quality of water.
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41807409), foundation for Innovative Research Team of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (JYT2021024), Advantages Discipline Group (Public health) Project in Higher Education of Hubei Province (2021–2025) and Clinical nutrition discipline construction project of Hubei University of Medicine (X1203625).
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JL participated in experiments, conducted data analysis, and wrote major manuscripts. LJL conducted soil and water samples and experimentally obtained relevant experimental data. YZ was responsible for project management and capital acquisition. QL, FW, YHS, YL, JW, and YRZ provide many recommendations for experimental design and implementation. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Li, J., Li, L., Li, Q. et al. Distribution and relationship of antibiotics, heavy metals and resistance genes in the upstream of Hanjiang River Basin in Shiyan, China. Environ Geochem Health 45, 7115–7130 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01683-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01683-9